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<p>For effective groundwater management and the formulation of sustainable watershed management strategies, evaluating the biophysical characteristics of a watershed is essential to ensure the long-term health of river basins. In this study, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were utilized for watershed delineation and morphometric analysis of the Phalgu River Basin. Morphometric parameters were prioritized using Principal Component Analysis combined with the Weighted Sum Approach (PCA–WSA) through ArcGIS and Python programming. The basin was divided into nine sub-watersheds, and a quantitative evaluation of 22 morphometric parameters was conducted, covering linear, relief, and areal aspects. Each parameter was ranked to establish the priority of sub-watersheds, which were then classified into low, medium, and high importance. Among them, sub-watersheds SW7 and SW8 were identified as high-priority zones for sustainable river basin planning. Their ranking was based on the values such as stream number (105/84), mean bifurcation ratio (2.49/2.81), drainage intensity (0.19/0.22), basin relief (421/501 m), and ruggedness number (0.17/0.18). The prioritization sequence categorized SW7 and SW8 as high, SW3 and SW9 as moderate, and SW1, SW2, and SW4 as low priority areas for groundwater management. Overall, an area of approximately 2,139&#xa0;km² was highlighted as requiring urgent attention for sustainable water resource management. The integrated use of DEM data and statistical techniques provides robust scientific evidence for the river basin rejuvenation, watershed restoration, and ecological sustainability. Moreover, this methodological framework can be effectively applied to other basins to support comprehensive river basin management.</p>

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PCA-WSA based hybrid modeling approach for sub-watershed prioritization of Phalgu River Basin, Middle Ganga Plain, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Bibhukalyan Mohapatra,
  • Prafull Singh

摘要

For effective groundwater management and the formulation of sustainable watershed management strategies, evaluating the biophysical characteristics of a watershed is essential to ensure the long-term health of river basins. In this study, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were utilized for watershed delineation and morphometric analysis of the Phalgu River Basin. Morphometric parameters were prioritized using Principal Component Analysis combined with the Weighted Sum Approach (PCA–WSA) through ArcGIS and Python programming. The basin was divided into nine sub-watersheds, and a quantitative evaluation of 22 morphometric parameters was conducted, covering linear, relief, and areal aspects. Each parameter was ranked to establish the priority of sub-watersheds, which were then classified into low, medium, and high importance. Among them, sub-watersheds SW7 and SW8 were identified as high-priority zones for sustainable river basin planning. Their ranking was based on the values such as stream number (105/84), mean bifurcation ratio (2.49/2.81), drainage intensity (0.19/0.22), basin relief (421/501 m), and ruggedness number (0.17/0.18). The prioritization sequence categorized SW7 and SW8 as high, SW3 and SW9 as moderate, and SW1, SW2, and SW4 as low priority areas for groundwater management. Overall, an area of approximately 2,139 km² was highlighted as requiring urgent attention for sustainable water resource management. The integrated use of DEM data and statistical techniques provides robust scientific evidence for the river basin rejuvenation, watershed restoration, and ecological sustainability. Moreover, this methodological framework can be effectively applied to other basins to support comprehensive river basin management.