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<p>This study leverages Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to assess mobile network coverage and optimize 4G tower placement for Korek Telecom in Iraq’s mountainous Koya District. Recognizing mobile connectivity’s critical role in socio-economic development, the research addresses persistent coverage gaps, especially in rural areas. Initially, visibility analysis, utilizing a digital elevation model (DEM) and existing tower data, mapped current signal reach. Subsequently, spatial datasets were integrated with an AHP-TOPSIS model to identify optimal tower locations, considering terrain, road access, population distribution, and proximity to underserved zones. Findings reveal 48.91% of the district remains uncovered; urban areas achieve 89.65% coverage, contrasting sharply with only 57.33% in rural regions. This integrated methodology showcases how GIS-based visibility analysis and MCDM tools enhance infrastructure planning by addressing both topographical and equity-based service limitations. The proposed decision-support framework is transferable, applicable across diverse geographies, including urban flatlands. This research significantly advances spatial information science by supporting targeted mobile infrastructure investments, enhancing digital accessibility, and narrowing the urban–rural digital divide in challenging terrains.</p>

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An integrated GIS–visibility–AHP-TOPSIS framework for assessing and optimizing mobile tower siting in mountainous rural regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Loghman Khodakarami,
  • Soran Sabah Hussein,
  • Sarwar Sabir,
  • Rostam Salam Aziz,
  • Mohammed Salih,
  • Hussein Adnan

摘要

This study leverages Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to assess mobile network coverage and optimize 4G tower placement for Korek Telecom in Iraq’s mountainous Koya District. Recognizing mobile connectivity’s critical role in socio-economic development, the research addresses persistent coverage gaps, especially in rural areas. Initially, visibility analysis, utilizing a digital elevation model (DEM) and existing tower data, mapped current signal reach. Subsequently, spatial datasets were integrated with an AHP-TOPSIS model to identify optimal tower locations, considering terrain, road access, population distribution, and proximity to underserved zones. Findings reveal 48.91% of the district remains uncovered; urban areas achieve 89.65% coverage, contrasting sharply with only 57.33% in rural regions. This integrated methodology showcases how GIS-based visibility analysis and MCDM tools enhance infrastructure planning by addressing both topographical and equity-based service limitations. The proposed decision-support framework is transferable, applicable across diverse geographies, including urban flatlands. This research significantly advances spatial information science by supporting targeted mobile infrastructure investments, enhancing digital accessibility, and narrowing the urban–rural digital divide in challenging terrains.