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<p>A flapping wing vehicle, resembling the flight mechanisms of birds or insects, is a type of biomimetic robot that generates lift and thrust through the active flapping of its wings. The key characteristic of such vehicles is that they produce lift and thrust by utilizing the aerodynamic forces resulting from wing flapping while maneuvering and adjusting the direction of flight are achieved by varying the positions of the wings and tail. In this study, a biased-space RSSR four-bar mechanism is designed as the driving system for the flapping wings of the vehicle, based on biomimetic principles. This mechanism allows for approximately 60% of the flapping stroke to be allocated to the downstroke, thereby providing a rapid return characteristic. Additionally, a novel inverted V-tail is designed to generate a yawing moment in the direction opposite to the rolling moment. To determine the flight parameters of the flapping wing vehicle, including the pitch angle, inflow velocity, and flapping frequency required to overcome its weight, aerodynamic simulations are performed using Xflow software. These simulations validate the feasibility of the design. Furthermore, MATLAB software is employed to simulate the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicle over a flapping cycle, which serves to verify the reliability of the Xflow simulation results. Finally, physical prototypes are constructed, and motion tests are conducted to ensure that the bird-like flapping wings and tail meet the anticipated design requirements, thereby confirming the correctness of the overall mechanism design.</p>

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Design and aerodynamic performance simulation of bird like flapping-wing aircraft based on spatial bias mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Fang Wang,
  • Junjie Gong,
  • Shengjie Guo,
  • Caixia Ban,
  • Wei Wei,
  • Yu Long

摘要

A flapping wing vehicle, resembling the flight mechanisms of birds or insects, is a type of biomimetic robot that generates lift and thrust through the active flapping of its wings. The key characteristic of such vehicles is that they produce lift and thrust by utilizing the aerodynamic forces resulting from wing flapping while maneuvering and adjusting the direction of flight are achieved by varying the positions of the wings and tail. In this study, a biased-space RSSR four-bar mechanism is designed as the driving system for the flapping wings of the vehicle, based on biomimetic principles. This mechanism allows for approximately 60% of the flapping stroke to be allocated to the downstroke, thereby providing a rapid return characteristic. Additionally, a novel inverted V-tail is designed to generate a yawing moment in the direction opposite to the rolling moment. To determine the flight parameters of the flapping wing vehicle, including the pitch angle, inflow velocity, and flapping frequency required to overcome its weight, aerodynamic simulations are performed using Xflow software. These simulations validate the feasibility of the design. Furthermore, MATLAB software is employed to simulate the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicle over a flapping cycle, which serves to verify the reliability of the Xflow simulation results. Finally, physical prototypes are constructed, and motion tests are conducted to ensure that the bird-like flapping wings and tail meet the anticipated design requirements, thereby confirming the correctness of the overall mechanism design.