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<p>The Sind sardine, <i>Sardinella sindensis</i> is a key small pelagic species supporting coastal fisheries in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman; however, sex-specific population dynamics and regional differences in exploitation patterns remain poorly understood. This study provides a comparative assessment of growth, mortality, and reproductive biology of <i>S. sindensis</i> based on samples collected over 15 months (October 2023–December 2024). Length–frequency and reproductive data revealed the year-round presence of juveniles and adults in both regions, with a pronounced peak in adult abundance during May–June. Spawning activity was prolonged, with a clear spring peak supported by gonadosomatic index trends. Length at first maturity (LM₅₀) was estimated at 13.95&#xa0;cm TL. Females exhibited higher growth coefficients and larger asymptotic lengths than males, indicating sex-specific growth strategies. Mortality analyses showed consistently higher total, natural, and fishing mortality rates in females, resulting in greater exploitation pressure compared to males in both regions. Although exploitation rates remained below the conventional biological reference point (E = 0.5), the concentration of fishing activity during peak spawning and the preferential removal of mature females raise concerns regarding long-term stock resilience. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating sex-specific and regionally explicit parameters into fisheries assessment and management of <i>S. sindensis</i> in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.</p>

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Population Dynamics and Reproductive Biology of the Sind Sardine, Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878) in Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Faryabi Somayeh,
  • Safaie Mohsen,
  • Salarpouri Ali,
  • Daliri Moslem

摘要

The Sind sardine, Sardinella sindensis is a key small pelagic species supporting coastal fisheries in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman; however, sex-specific population dynamics and regional differences in exploitation patterns remain poorly understood. This study provides a comparative assessment of growth, mortality, and reproductive biology of S. sindensis based on samples collected over 15 months (October 2023–December 2024). Length–frequency and reproductive data revealed the year-round presence of juveniles and adults in both regions, with a pronounced peak in adult abundance during May–June. Spawning activity was prolonged, with a clear spring peak supported by gonadosomatic index trends. Length at first maturity (LM₅₀) was estimated at 13.95 cm TL. Females exhibited higher growth coefficients and larger asymptotic lengths than males, indicating sex-specific growth strategies. Mortality analyses showed consistently higher total, natural, and fishing mortality rates in females, resulting in greater exploitation pressure compared to males in both regions. Although exploitation rates remained below the conventional biological reference point (E = 0.5), the concentration of fishing activity during peak spawning and the preferential removal of mature females raise concerns regarding long-term stock resilience. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating sex-specific and regionally explicit parameters into fisheries assessment and management of S. sindensis in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.