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<p>The stability of the Ain El Turck cliffs along the Oran coastline in Algeria has become a major concern threatening human life, infrastructure, facilities, and anthropogenic activities. This situation complicates management and development strategies in sectors of high socio-economic importance, as the associated risks are directly linked to ongoing pressures on these inherently fragile coastal environments. Several factors contribute to this vulnerability, including marine erosion (wave action, storms), subaerial weathering (wetting/drying cycles, rainfall infiltration), geological controls (lithology, structure), and human pressures. Among these, notably the unregulated and progressive expansion of urbanization and cliff retreat. Urban pressure on cliff stability is further exacerbated by hydrological forcing, cliff-top loading, and anthropogenic modification of drainage conditions. This study proposes a Cliff Instability Risk Index (CIRI), which uses a GIS-based multi-temporal methodology to quantify the risk and to assess the convergent dynamics between basal cliff erosion and urbanization along a hazard-prone transect, where the level of risk is proportional to the intensity of these dynamics. Using very high-resolution satellite imagery and GIS (Geographic Information System) tools, the approach quantifies the spatiotemporal evolution of urbanization density, beach widths, and beach erosion in (NCR <CitationRef CitationID="CR47">2003</CitationRef>), 2011, 2015, 2018, and 2022. Urban encroachment within the 100&#xa0;m coastal hazard band increased from 32% in 2003 to 39% in 2022 (+ 21.85% since 2003). The assessment and mapping of the CIRI index have identified four (04) critical sectors. These highly vulnerable zones display urbanization and erosion hot-spots, spatial discontinuities, and extremely narrow beach widths—sometimes less than 10&#xa0;m. When combined with field surveys and a review of previous studies, this analysis enabled the identification and prioritization of the D1–D2 sector (Zone 01) as the top intervention priority for local authorities.</p>

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Assessment of Coastal Cliff Stability in Relation to Urbanization Dynamics and Beach Erosion along Ain El Turck: A GIS-Based Multi-temporal Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Walid Boukhediche,
  • Mohammed Nadir Belmahi,
  • Housseyn Otmani,
  • Meriem Moussaoui,
  • Moussaab Berkani,
  • Nour El Imène Mouhoubi

摘要

The stability of the Ain El Turck cliffs along the Oran coastline in Algeria has become a major concern threatening human life, infrastructure, facilities, and anthropogenic activities. This situation complicates management and development strategies in sectors of high socio-economic importance, as the associated risks are directly linked to ongoing pressures on these inherently fragile coastal environments. Several factors contribute to this vulnerability, including marine erosion (wave action, storms), subaerial weathering (wetting/drying cycles, rainfall infiltration), geological controls (lithology, structure), and human pressures. Among these, notably the unregulated and progressive expansion of urbanization and cliff retreat. Urban pressure on cliff stability is further exacerbated by hydrological forcing, cliff-top loading, and anthropogenic modification of drainage conditions. This study proposes a Cliff Instability Risk Index (CIRI), which uses a GIS-based multi-temporal methodology to quantify the risk and to assess the convergent dynamics between basal cliff erosion and urbanization along a hazard-prone transect, where the level of risk is proportional to the intensity of these dynamics. Using very high-resolution satellite imagery and GIS (Geographic Information System) tools, the approach quantifies the spatiotemporal evolution of urbanization density, beach widths, and beach erosion in (NCR 2003), 2011, 2015, 2018, and 2022. Urban encroachment within the 100 m coastal hazard band increased from 32% in 2003 to 39% in 2022 (+ 21.85% since 2003). The assessment and mapping of the CIRI index have identified four (04) critical sectors. These highly vulnerable zones display urbanization and erosion hot-spots, spatial discontinuities, and extremely narrow beach widths—sometimes less than 10 m. When combined with field surveys and a review of previous studies, this analysis enabled the identification and prioritization of the D1–D2 sector (Zone 01) as the top intervention priority for local authorities.