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<p>Microbial infections and cancer are major global health problems and remain leading causes of mortality worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to assess antimicrobial and anticancer activities from marine sponge <i>Stylissa carteri</i> metabolites. The lipoidal chemical composition of the sponge was studied using GC-MS analysis. The fatty acids (FAs) profile of the CHCl<sub>3</sub> fraction revealed the presence of 29 compounds with chain lengths C<sub>13</sub> - C<sub>28</sub>, where hexadecanoic acid (15.8%) is a major FA. 22-Tricosenoic acid (6.14%), <i>trans</i>-oleic acid (5.14%), and 9-hexacosenoic acid (9.5%) were the most abundant monoenic FAs, while ω6-dienic was dominated in linoleic acid (8.51%). The pentacosadienoic acid was represented a largest proportion of long chain FAs (C<sub>25:2</sub>, 4.37%), followed by heptacosadienoic (C<sub>27:2</sub>, 2.21%), with a double unsaturation at Δ<sup>5,9</sup> positions. The mono-unsaturated Δ<sup>5</sup>-sterols were investigated from the sponge species as 3<i>β</i>-sitosterol (2.8%) and gorgost-5-en-3<i>β</i>-ol (6.23%). While, ergosta-5,22-dien-3<i>β</i>-ol, 3<i>β</i>-stigmasterol, and cholesta-5,22-dien-3<i>β</i>-ol were represented as the major Δ<sup>5,22</sup>-diunsaturated sterols with 33.71%. The crude extract exhibited potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> with inhibition zones 20 and 18&#xa0;mm (MIC = 156&#xa0;µg/mL), compared to drug reference (gentamycin: 21 and 24&#xa0;mm), respectively. Off the extract, FAs content displayed significant inhibitory activity against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> with an MIC value 156&#xa0;µg/mL. Additionally, the crude extract and FAs content exerted moderate cytotoxicity against human liver HepG2 and lung A549 cancer cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 57.16 and 93.38&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively. Knowledge of the bioactive FAs constituents in <i>S. carteri</i> might expand the basis for their future isolation and exploration of underlying mechanisms of activity in medical applications.</p>

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Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, and Lipoidal Composition of the Marine Sponge Stylissa carteri Collected from the Saudi Red Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Usama W. Hawas,
  • Lamia T. Abou El-Kassem

摘要

Microbial infections and cancer are major global health problems and remain leading causes of mortality worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to assess antimicrobial and anticancer activities from marine sponge Stylissa carteri metabolites. The lipoidal chemical composition of the sponge was studied using GC-MS analysis. The fatty acids (FAs) profile of the CHCl3 fraction revealed the presence of 29 compounds with chain lengths C13 - C28, where hexadecanoic acid (15.8%) is a major FA. 22-Tricosenoic acid (6.14%), trans-oleic acid (5.14%), and 9-hexacosenoic acid (9.5%) were the most abundant monoenic FAs, while ω6-dienic was dominated in linoleic acid (8.51%). The pentacosadienoic acid was represented a largest proportion of long chain FAs (C25:2, 4.37%), followed by heptacosadienoic (C27:2, 2.21%), with a double unsaturation at Δ5,9 positions. The mono-unsaturated Δ5-sterols were investigated from the sponge species as 3β-sitosterol (2.8%) and gorgost-5-en-3β-ol (6.23%). While, ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 3β-stigmasterol, and cholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol were represented as the major Δ5,22-diunsaturated sterols with 33.71%. The crude extract exhibited potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus with inhibition zones 20 and 18 mm (MIC = 156 µg/mL), compared to drug reference (gentamycin: 21 and 24 mm), respectively. Off the extract, FAs content displayed significant inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae with an MIC value 156 µg/mL. Additionally, the crude extract and FAs content exerted moderate cytotoxicity against human liver HepG2 and lung A549 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 57.16 and 93.38 µg/mL, respectively. Knowledge of the bioactive FAs constituents in S. carteri might expand the basis for their future isolation and exploration of underlying mechanisms of activity in medical applications.