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<p>This study updates the reproductive and feeding ecology of <i>Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus</i> in the Andaman waters, India. The species is a multiple-spawner with year-round spawning activity, peaking from June to August. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) throughout the year averaged 5.70 ± 0.39 for females and 4.77 ± 0.33 for males, while the gastrosomatic index (GaSI) averaged 3.17 ± 0.12, with 26.13% of stomachs empty or trace, 38.11% part-full, and 35.76% full. The length-weight relationship (LWR) showed a slope b value of Log W = -2.029 + 3.032 Log L (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), and the relative condition factor (K<sub>n</sub>) averaged 1.002 ± 0.005 (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Diet analysis revealed that <i>H. quadrimaculatus</i> primarily consumed Luciferidae (16.84%), Sergestidae (16.57%), Calanoida (13.55%), Zoea (7.79%), and Cyclopoida (7.15%). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and rainfall were the most influential environmental variables influencing biological parameters such as total length (TL), GSI, GaSI, spawning activity, Kn, and LWR. Sea surface temperature (SST) also had some influence but was less significant than Chl-a and rainfall.</p>

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Biological and Environmental Interactions Shaping the Growth, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Gold-Spot Herring, Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus in the Tropical Region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Samrat Kalita,
  • G. Padmavati,
  • Ravi Ranjan Kumar,
  • Ameen Ummath,
  • Sasidharan Venu

摘要

This study updates the reproductive and feeding ecology of Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus in the Andaman waters, India. The species is a multiple-spawner with year-round spawning activity, peaking from June to August. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) throughout the year averaged 5.70 ± 0.39 for females and 4.77 ± 0.33 for males, while the gastrosomatic index (GaSI) averaged 3.17 ± 0.12, with 26.13% of stomachs empty or trace, 38.11% part-full, and 35.76% full. The length-weight relationship (LWR) showed a slope b value of Log W = -2.029 + 3.032 Log L (p > 0.05), and the relative condition factor (Kn) averaged 1.002 ± 0.005 (p > 0.05). Diet analysis revealed that H. quadrimaculatus primarily consumed Luciferidae (16.84%), Sergestidae (16.57%), Calanoida (13.55%), Zoea (7.79%), and Cyclopoida (7.15%). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and rainfall were the most influential environmental variables influencing biological parameters such as total length (TL), GSI, GaSI, spawning activity, Kn, and LWR. Sea surface temperature (SST) also had some influence but was less significant than Chl-a and rainfall.