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<p>The marine lakes of the Derawan Islands in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are isolated ecosystems hosting unique populations of stingless jellyfish. We conducted a molecular characterization of the symbiotic microalgal communities in two stingless jellyfish species, <i>Cassiopea ornata</i> and <i>Mastigias papua</i>, from Lake Kakaban and Lake Haji Buang. Using DNA barcoding of the nuclear-encoded large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region, we characterized the predominant symbionts recovered from each sample. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both jellyfish species associate with a homogeneous community of dinoflagellates from the genus <i>Cladocopium</i> (Symbiodiniaceae). These symbionts form a distinct, well-supported monophyletic clade with minimal intra-clade genetic divergence (~ 0.03%). This clade is phylogenetically separate from described <i>Cladocopium</i> species, with sequence divergence ranging from 0.15% to 13.23%, indicating a previously unrecognized lineage. We propose this distinct lineage as a provisionally designated candidate species, <i>Cladocopium</i> sp. DK-HB, which requires further polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Its prevalence in these isolated lakes and the known physiological plasticity of <i>Cladocopium</i> suggest this association may be a key adaptive trait, potentially enhancing host resilience to variable environmental conditions. These findings highlight the role of isolated ecosystems as reservoirs of unique symbiotic diversity and underscore the importance of holobiont-focused conservation.</p>

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A Phylogenetically Distinct Cladocopium (Symbiodiniaceae) Lineage in Stingless Jellyfish from the Marine Lakes of East Kalimantan, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Dwi Haryanti,
  • Agil Cahya Gemilang,
  • Mochammad Syahdiladarama,
  • Anissa Amaliasanti Suparyadi,
  • Diah Permata Wijayanti,
  • Fitri Fedorova Nitaaqaini Al Haliim,
  • Danang Ambar Prabowo

摘要

The marine lakes of the Derawan Islands in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are isolated ecosystems hosting unique populations of stingless jellyfish. We conducted a molecular characterization of the symbiotic microalgal communities in two stingless jellyfish species, Cassiopea ornata and Mastigias papua, from Lake Kakaban and Lake Haji Buang. Using DNA barcoding of the nuclear-encoded large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region, we characterized the predominant symbionts recovered from each sample. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both jellyfish species associate with a homogeneous community of dinoflagellates from the genus Cladocopium (Symbiodiniaceae). These symbionts form a distinct, well-supported monophyletic clade with minimal intra-clade genetic divergence (~ 0.03%). This clade is phylogenetically separate from described Cladocopium species, with sequence divergence ranging from 0.15% to 13.23%, indicating a previously unrecognized lineage. We propose this distinct lineage as a provisionally designated candidate species, Cladocopium sp. DK-HB, which requires further polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Its prevalence in these isolated lakes and the known physiological plasticity of Cladocopium suggest this association may be a key adaptive trait, potentially enhancing host resilience to variable environmental conditions. These findings highlight the role of isolated ecosystems as reservoirs of unique symbiotic diversity and underscore the importance of holobiont-focused conservation.