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<p>The lesser spiny eel (<i>Macrognathus aculeatus</i>) is a high-value species threatened by overexploitation, whose aquaculture is hindered by a lack of reliable breeding and larval rearing protocols. This study established effective methods for its induced breeding, embryonic development, and larval rearing. Breeding was induced using Carp Pituitary Extract (CPE) and a synthetic hormone (OVAFISH). The optimal dose for CPE was 100&#xa0;mg/kg female body weight (two injections) and 45&#xa0;mg/kg for males (single injection), yielding an 81.34% fertilization rate. The superior treatment was OVAFISH at 1.5&#xa0;ml/kg for females and 0.75&#xa0;ml/kg for males (single injection), achieving a 91.96% fertilization rate. Fertilized eggs were adhesive, demersal, and greenish, hatching in 34.17&#xa0;h at 27–28&#xa0;°C. A subsequent 4-week larval rearing trial tested four diets: artificial feed (T1), mixed zooplankton (T2), Artemia nauplii (T3), and egg custard (T4). Larvae fed mixed zooplankton (T2) exhibited a significantly higher survival rate (47.67%) compared to all other treatments (T3: 38.5%, T1: 18.16%, T4: 16.6%). No significant differences were observed in specific growth rate or length gain among dietary groups. We conclude that a single dose of OVAFISH is the most effective inducing agent for <i>M. aculeatus</i>, and that mixed zooplankton is the recommended initial feed to overcome high larval mortality, providing a critical foundation for the species’ commercial aquaculture production.</p>

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Captive Breeding, Embryonic Development, and Larval Weaning of Lesser Spiny Eel, Macrognathus Aculeatus (Bloch, 1786)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Bhumika Gamango,
  • Pravesh Kumar,
  • Shivendra Kumar,
  • Roshan Kumar Ram,
  • Prem Prakash Srivastava,
  • H. S. Mogalekar,
  • Raj Kamal Mishra,
  • Aditi Banik

摘要

The lesser spiny eel (Macrognathus aculeatus) is a high-value species threatened by overexploitation, whose aquaculture is hindered by a lack of reliable breeding and larval rearing protocols. This study established effective methods for its induced breeding, embryonic development, and larval rearing. Breeding was induced using Carp Pituitary Extract (CPE) and a synthetic hormone (OVAFISH). The optimal dose for CPE was 100 mg/kg female body weight (two injections) and 45 mg/kg for males (single injection), yielding an 81.34% fertilization rate. The superior treatment was OVAFISH at 1.5 ml/kg for females and 0.75 ml/kg for males (single injection), achieving a 91.96% fertilization rate. Fertilized eggs were adhesive, demersal, and greenish, hatching in 34.17 h at 27–28 °C. A subsequent 4-week larval rearing trial tested four diets: artificial feed (T1), mixed zooplankton (T2), Artemia nauplii (T3), and egg custard (T4). Larvae fed mixed zooplankton (T2) exhibited a significantly higher survival rate (47.67%) compared to all other treatments (T3: 38.5%, T1: 18.16%, T4: 16.6%). No significant differences were observed in specific growth rate or length gain among dietary groups. We conclude that a single dose of OVAFISH is the most effective inducing agent for M. aculeatus, and that mixed zooplankton is the recommended initial feed to overcome high larval mortality, providing a critical foundation for the species’ commercial aquaculture production.