Scholarlink

<p>Crabs are shellfish found worldwide, with shells rich in essential macro- and microelements, including potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Their shells also contain chitin, chitosan, carotenoids, and selenium, which are reported to have antimicrobial, anticancer, and non-toxic properties. Crab samples were collected from a freshwater river in Mosul, Iraq, and from the Persian Gulf. After washing, cleaning, and removal of internal organs, the samples were dried and sterilized at 150&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h, then ground into powder. Extracts were prepared from both freshwater and marine crabs using four solvents in the following sequence: water, methanol, hot water solution, and a methanol-water mixture (1:1, v/v). The yield of the extracts was then comparatively evaluated according to the solvent used. The aim of this study was to identify bioactive components—phenolic compounds, organic acids, and tocopherols—using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analyses detected 11 phenolic compounds, nine organic acids, and four tocopherols. The dominant phenolic was p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the primary organic acid was succinic acid, and α-tocopherol was most common in methanol-water extracts. The results highlight that the choice of solvent is crucial for maximizing the extraction of bioactive compounds.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Crabs were collected under expert supervision from the Arabian Gulf (marine) and the Tigris River in Mosul (freshwater). After collection, the specimens were washed and cleaned, and their internal organs were removed. Next, the crabs were cut into small pieces, and the shells and soft tissues were removed. The prepared pieces were then placed on trays and dried in an oven at 150°C for two hours with continuous stirring to prevent burning. The dried material was then ground into a fine powder and subjected in sequence to extraction with water, methanol, hot water solution, and finally a methanol-water mixture (1:1, v/v) to obtain a homogenous particle size. After extraction, the solvents were removed by rotary evaporation, and the resulting dried extracts were freeze-dried. The extracts were then analyzed for their organic acid, phenolic, and tocopherol profiles using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p> <p></p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Comparative Profiling of Organic Acids, Phenolics, and Tocopherols in Freshwater and Marine Crabs: Effects of Solvent Systems and Habitat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

查看全文
  • Eissa Almaghrebi,
  • Engie Aydin Kamal Alabbas,
  • Hakan Vatansev,
  • Fatma Akat,
  • Hüsamettin Vatansev

摘要

Crabs are shellfish found worldwide, with shells rich in essential macro- and microelements, including potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Their shells also contain chitin, chitosan, carotenoids, and selenium, which are reported to have antimicrobial, anticancer, and non-toxic properties. Crab samples were collected from a freshwater river in Mosul, Iraq, and from the Persian Gulf. After washing, cleaning, and removal of internal organs, the samples were dried and sterilized at 150 °C for 2 h, then ground into powder. Extracts were prepared from both freshwater and marine crabs using four solvents in the following sequence: water, methanol, hot water solution, and a methanol-water mixture (1:1, v/v). The yield of the extracts was then comparatively evaluated according to the solvent used. The aim of this study was to identify bioactive components—phenolic compounds, organic acids, and tocopherols—using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analyses detected 11 phenolic compounds, nine organic acids, and four tocopherols. The dominant phenolic was p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the primary organic acid was succinic acid, and α-tocopherol was most common in methanol-water extracts. The results highlight that the choice of solvent is crucial for maximizing the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Graphical Abstract

Crabs were collected under expert supervision from the Arabian Gulf (marine) and the Tigris River in Mosul (freshwater). After collection, the specimens were washed and cleaned, and their internal organs were removed. Next, the crabs were cut into small pieces, and the shells and soft tissues were removed. The prepared pieces were then placed on trays and dried in an oven at 150°C for two hours with continuous stirring to prevent burning. The dried material was then ground into a fine powder and subjected in sequence to extraction with water, methanol, hot water solution, and finally a methanol-water mixture (1:1, v/v) to obtain a homogenous particle size. After extraction, the solvents were removed by rotary evaporation, and the resulting dried extracts were freeze-dried. The extracts were then analyzed for their organic acid, phenolic, and tocopherol profiles using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).