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<p>This study assessed the human health risk associated with arsenic (As) and heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) concentrations in edible tissues of fish species harvested from crude oil-impacted aquatic ecosystems in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Fish samples such as <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> and <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Ibaa River), <i>Mugil cephalusnism</i> (Ilejoh River), and <i>Gerres filamentosus Cuvier</i> (stream) were collected in August 2023 and analyzed using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) and hydride generation AAS for As. The concentrations of As (0.002–0.003&#xa0;mg/kg), Pb (0.001–0.004&#xa0;mg/kg), Cd (0.000–0.0005&#xa0;mg/kg), Cu (2.20–2.78&#xa0;mg/kg), and Zn (4.35–5.87&#xa0;mg/kg) were all below WHO/FAO permissible limits (As: 0.1–0.3&#xa0;mg/kg, Pb: 0.3–0.5&#xa0;mg/kg, Cd: 0.05–0.1&#xa0;mg/kg, Cu: 30&#xa0;mg/kg, Zn: 50&#xa0;mg/kg). Despite concentrations falling below threshold levels, human health risk indices such as Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated. For children and frequent fish consumers, As posed the highest risk, especially in <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> from Ibaa River with a risk percentage exceeding 100% PTWI, indicating potential health risk. The THQ values for individual metals were all &lt; 1, but cumulative HI values in children approached critical limits, warranting precaution. Maximum Safe Consuming Quantity (MSCQ) values supported current consumption levels as safe, yet chemometric analyses revealed significant clustering of As and Cu in relation to pollution gradients. This research underscores the latent health risks in fish from oil-polluted waters, advocating continuous monitoring and stricter ecological remediation in the Niger Delta to safeguard public health, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Human Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Seafood Harvested from Crude Oil Impacted Community in Niger Delta, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Victoria Koshofa Akinpelumi,
  • Chika Maureen Ossai,
  • Prosper Manu Abdulai,
  • Amarachi Paschaline Onyena,
  • Eudora Nwanaforo,
  • Cecilia Nwadiuto Obasi,
  • Chiara Frazzoli,
  • Orish Ebere Orisakwe

摘要

This study assessed the human health risk associated with arsenic (As) and heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) concentrations in edible tissues of fish species harvested from crude oil-impacted aquatic ecosystems in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Fish samples such as Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus (Ibaa River), Mugil cephalusnism (Ilejoh River), and Gerres filamentosus Cuvier (stream) were collected in August 2023 and analyzed using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) and hydride generation AAS for As. The concentrations of As (0.002–0.003 mg/kg), Pb (0.001–0.004 mg/kg), Cd (0.000–0.0005 mg/kg), Cu (2.20–2.78 mg/kg), and Zn (4.35–5.87 mg/kg) were all below WHO/FAO permissible limits (As: 0.1–0.3 mg/kg, Pb: 0.3–0.5 mg/kg, Cd: 0.05–0.1 mg/kg, Cu: 30 mg/kg, Zn: 50 mg/kg). Despite concentrations falling below threshold levels, human health risk indices such as Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated. For children and frequent fish consumers, As posed the highest risk, especially in Clarias gariepinus from Ibaa River with a risk percentage exceeding 100% PTWI, indicating potential health risk. The THQ values for individual metals were all < 1, but cumulative HI values in children approached critical limits, warranting precaution. Maximum Safe Consuming Quantity (MSCQ) values supported current consumption levels as safe, yet chemometric analyses revealed significant clustering of As and Cu in relation to pollution gradients. This research underscores the latent health risks in fish from oil-polluted waters, advocating continuous monitoring and stricter ecological remediation in the Niger Delta to safeguard public health, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children.

Graphical Abstract