<p>Traditional shrimp fishing in İskenderun Bay is facing serious socio-economic challenges due to rising operational costs, falling shrimp prices, and competition from imported shrimp. These pressures have threatened the sustainability of small-scale fisheries, which are essential for local livelihoods. In this study, the economic dynamics, costs, and revenues of shrimp fishing using trammel nets in the region were examined. Based on fishermen's declarations, annual revenue per boat was estimated at 1,045.85 thousand TL, with average expenses calculated as 310.34 thousand TL. However, field studies revealed that actual earnings were less than half of these figures, highlighting the economic vulnerability of shrimp fishers. The study emphasized the negative effects of low-cost shrimp imports from Asia on traditional fisheries in the region. These imports were shown to weaken the market competitiveness of local shrimp and increase financial difficulties for small-scale fishers. To reduce fishermen's input costs, net raw material weaving workshops can be provided to fishermen. Additionally, discounts on social security support for fishermen can be implemented. This research demonstrated the dual pressures of local operational challenges and global market dynamics on small-scale fisheries, contributing to global discussions on sustainable fisheries. To ensure the economic sustainability of traditional shrimp fishing, it was recommended that the government reduce input costs, improve market conditions for local fishers, and promote sustainable practices.</p>