Biological Monitoring of the Northern Shores of the Persian Gulf by Examining Sea Water, Sediment and Two Species of Fish

One of Iran’s most significant coasts, the northern Persian Gulf coasts is constantly subject to pollution. The biological monitoring of these coasts using three components—seawater, sediments, and two fish species—Liza subviridis and Sphyraena jello—was the aim of this study. In this study, multiple measurement indicators were used to assess contamination. Several measuring indicators were included in this investigation to evaluate contamination. According to the findings, the majority of metals had Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) of less than 1. For both fish species, sulphur (S) metal had the highest Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of any metal. All sampling areas were shallow regarding Risk index (RI) in class A and the degree of contamination. In certain places, the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) also revealed moderate to high Pb concentrations. Overall, the data show that environmental pollution has decreased, particularly in the sediments of these regions, and that the levels of metals in the muscle of both fish species were below World Health Organization standards. Future research looking into the trend of pollution in this area may greatly benefit from this study.