Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of Ziziphus spina-christi L. against scaling: a green and ecological approach for pipe protection
摘要
This study offers a novel eco-friendly strategy for inhibiting CaCO3 using an aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi L. (ZSCL). In contrast to conventional chemical inhibitors, the ZSCL extract is derived from sustainable resources, underscoring its potential as a green scale control. Colorimetric assays, specifically the Folin–Ciocalteu method, were used to assess the phenolic and flavonoid content of the ZSCL extract. Infrared spectroscopy was also used to identify its functional groups. The LCGE method was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effectiveness of the extract. In order to investigate the effect of ZSCL concentration on the precipitation kinetics of CaCO3, experiments were carried out using calcium carbonate solution with a hardness of 40 °F at different temperatures (25, 40, and 60 °C). The deposits formed after the LCGE tests at 25, 40, and 60 °C were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed a significant modification in the morphology of CaCO3 crystals. Complete inhibition was observed at ZSCL concentrations of 120, 170, and 220 mg/L at 25, 40, and 60 °C, respectively.