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<p>Salinity is one of the major environmental constraints limiting crop productivity in arid regions. In this study, a controlled experimental design was implemented to assess the agronomic, physiological, and biochemical responses of three local Tunisian oasian chili pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) cultivars, namely ‘Nefta’, ‘Midess’, and ‘Jerid’, subjected to increasing NaCl concentrations (0–125 mM). Salt stress significantly affected all measured traits, with notable genotype × salinity interactions. Among the genotypes, ‘Midess’ showed the lowest percentage of agronomic inhibition, reflecting strong stability under salt stress, while ‘Nefta’ maintained the highest performance, especially in shoot and root biomass. ‘Jerid’ was the most severely affected, with significant declines across all traits. Physiological and biochemical analyses revealed that ‘Midess’ demonstrated higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content under salt stress, whereas ‘Nefta’ exhibited moderate declines compared to its control. ‘Jerid’ displayed the most severe physiological disruption, with sharp reductions in chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. Ion analysis indicated genotype-specific patterns of Na⁺ accumulation and K⁺ retention, with ‘Midess’ exhibiting the highest K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and stable ion homeostasis. Proline levels increased significantly in ‘Nefta’ and ‘Midess’ under high salinity, reflecting genotype-specific stress responses. Overall, these results highlight substantial genetic variability among local oasian chili pepper genotypes and identify ‘Midess’ as a promising genetic resource for improving crop performance under saline conditions in arid environments, whereas ‘Nefta’ represents a contrasting genotype with compensatory growth traits that could be useful for breeding and physiological studies.</p>

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Agronomic performance, ion homeostasis, and stress biomarkers in oasian chili pepper genotypes under salt stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Rabeb El Khaldi,
  • Marwa Tlijani,
  • Salem Marzougui

摘要

Salinity is one of the major environmental constraints limiting crop productivity in arid regions. In this study, a controlled experimental design was implemented to assess the agronomic, physiological, and biochemical responses of three local Tunisian oasian chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars, namely ‘Nefta’, ‘Midess’, and ‘Jerid’, subjected to increasing NaCl concentrations (0–125 mM). Salt stress significantly affected all measured traits, with notable genotype × salinity interactions. Among the genotypes, ‘Midess’ showed the lowest percentage of agronomic inhibition, reflecting strong stability under salt stress, while ‘Nefta’ maintained the highest performance, especially in shoot and root biomass. ‘Jerid’ was the most severely affected, with significant declines across all traits. Physiological and biochemical analyses revealed that ‘Midess’ demonstrated higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content under salt stress, whereas ‘Nefta’ exhibited moderate declines compared to its control. ‘Jerid’ displayed the most severe physiological disruption, with sharp reductions in chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. Ion analysis indicated genotype-specific patterns of Na⁺ accumulation and K⁺ retention, with ‘Midess’ exhibiting the highest K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and stable ion homeostasis. Proline levels increased significantly in ‘Nefta’ and ‘Midess’ under high salinity, reflecting genotype-specific stress responses. Overall, these results highlight substantial genetic variability among local oasian chili pepper genotypes and identify ‘Midess’ as a promising genetic resource for improving crop performance under saline conditions in arid environments, whereas ‘Nefta’ represents a contrasting genotype with compensatory growth traits that could be useful for breeding and physiological studies.