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<p>Chromium (Cr) is a highly toxic metal that impairs plant physiological processes, particularly growth and photosynthesis. By contrast, molybdenum (Mo), as an essential micronutrient, has a central function in plant acclimation to metal stress. To investigate the mechanisms by which Mo mitigates Cr toxicity, bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) seedlings were cultivated hydroponically for 21 days. Two Mo application methods were tested: co-application with Cr in the nutrient solution and foliar spraying. The beneficial effect of 1 µM Mo, identified as the most effective concentration in preliminary tests, was more pronounced when supplied through the culture medium. Under Cr stress, both Mo treatments improved the cellular redox state, as shown by lower hydrogen peroxide and superoxide levels, together with enhanced catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities. Exogenous Mo also alleviated the Cr-induced decline in photosynthetic pigments and light absorbance. Interestingly, exogenous Mo accentuated Cr-induced nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, concomitant with the up-regulation of nitrogen assimilating enzymes, including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. The protective role of Mo against Cr toxicity also involves a reduction of the metal accumulation in plant leaves. These data highlight the role of Mo as a metabolic cofactor and a signaling molecule in conferring plant tolerance to Cr stress, supporting its use, via irrigation or foliar spraying, as a promising strategy to mitigate Cr toxicity in contaminated soils.</p>

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Exogenous molybdenum mitigates chromium stress in bean through up-regulation of antioxidant capacity and nitrogen assimilation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Sahar Asmi,
  • Oussama Kharbech,
  • Lamia Sakouhi,
  • Wahbi Djebali

摘要

Chromium (Cr) is a highly toxic metal that impairs plant physiological processes, particularly growth and photosynthesis. By contrast, molybdenum (Mo), as an essential micronutrient, has a central function in plant acclimation to metal stress. To investigate the mechanisms by which Mo mitigates Cr toxicity, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings were cultivated hydroponically for 21 days. Two Mo application methods were tested: co-application with Cr in the nutrient solution and foliar spraying. The beneficial effect of 1 µM Mo, identified as the most effective concentration in preliminary tests, was more pronounced when supplied through the culture medium. Under Cr stress, both Mo treatments improved the cellular redox state, as shown by lower hydrogen peroxide and superoxide levels, together with enhanced catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities. Exogenous Mo also alleviated the Cr-induced decline in photosynthetic pigments and light absorbance. Interestingly, exogenous Mo accentuated Cr-induced nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, concomitant with the up-regulation of nitrogen assimilating enzymes, including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. The protective role of Mo against Cr toxicity also involves a reduction of the metal accumulation in plant leaves. These data highlight the role of Mo as a metabolic cofactor and a signaling molecule in conferring plant tolerance to Cr stress, supporting its use, via irrigation or foliar spraying, as a promising strategy to mitigate Cr toxicity in contaminated soils.