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<p>This study provides a detailed physicochemical characterization of olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OMW), which were produced by a three-phase olive extraction plant located in Taroudant Province, southern Morocco. The goal was to profile these byproducts and evaluate their potential applications in sustainable agriculture, thereby filling a gap in localized data for this major olive-growing region. Samples (<i>n</i> = 3) from a representative semi-modern facility were analyzed for the following parameters: pH; electrical conductivity (EC); organic matter (OM); total organic carbon (TOC); total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN); ammonium; nitrite; nitrate; the C/N ratio; total phenolic content (TPC); macroelements (K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup>); moisture content; chemical oxygen demand (COD); and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The results indicate that olive pomace (OP) is slightly acidic (pH 5.5 ± 0.2), has a high percentage of organic matter (OM) (69 ± 3%), and has a C/N ratio of 39 ± 2. These characteristics suggest that OP is suitable as an organic amendment. However, OMW showed higher acidity (pH 4.7 ± 0.1), significant salinity (EC 11 ± 1 mS/cm), and a substantial organic pollutant load (COD 82 ± 5&#xa0;g O<sub>2</sub>/L and BOD 42 ± 3&#xa0;g O<sub>2</sub>/L). It was established that both products were characterised by elevated levels of potassium. In conclusion, although OP and OMW have agronomic value, their high salinity and total phenolics (2&#xa0;g GAE/L in the case of OMW) necessitate pre-treatment (e.g. composting for OP and controlled dilution for OMW) to guarantee their safe use in agriculture. This provides a foundation for the development of region-specific waste management strategies.</p>

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Investigation of olive pomace and olive mill wastewater from three-phase extraction in Taroudant Province (Southern Morocco)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Zahira Hamdouch,
  • M’hamed Abali,
  • Abdeljalil Ait Ichou,
  • Nadia El Mouraille,
  • Moustapha Belmouden

摘要

This study provides a detailed physicochemical characterization of olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OMW), which were produced by a three-phase olive extraction plant located in Taroudant Province, southern Morocco. The goal was to profile these byproducts and evaluate their potential applications in sustainable agriculture, thereby filling a gap in localized data for this major olive-growing region. Samples (n = 3) from a representative semi-modern facility were analyzed for the following parameters: pH; electrical conductivity (EC); organic matter (OM); total organic carbon (TOC); total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN); ammonium; nitrite; nitrate; the C/N ratio; total phenolic content (TPC); macroelements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+); moisture content; chemical oxygen demand (COD); and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The results indicate that olive pomace (OP) is slightly acidic (pH 5.5 ± 0.2), has a high percentage of organic matter (OM) (69 ± 3%), and has a C/N ratio of 39 ± 2. These characteristics suggest that OP is suitable as an organic amendment. However, OMW showed higher acidity (pH 4.7 ± 0.1), significant salinity (EC 11 ± 1 mS/cm), and a substantial organic pollutant load (COD 82 ± 5 g O2/L and BOD 42 ± 3 g O2/L). It was established that both products were characterised by elevated levels of potassium. In conclusion, although OP and OMW have agronomic value, their high salinity and total phenolics (2 g GAE/L in the case of OMW) necessitate pre-treatment (e.g. composting for OP and controlled dilution for OMW) to guarantee their safe use in agriculture. This provides a foundation for the development of region-specific waste management strategies.