Impact of organic amendments on the diversity and abundance of soil fungal communities
摘要
This study evaluates the impact of various organic amendments (humic acid, manure, biochar, sludge applied as mulch, sludge mixed into the soil, and biochar/sludge combination) on the diversity and abundance of soil fungal communities. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere and analyzed to identify the fungal genera present. The results show that each treatment influences the composition of fungal communities, promoting specific fungal genera. Humic acid and sludge mixed into the soil resulted in higher fungal diversity compared to other organic amendments, whereas sludge applied as mulch favored the dominance of Rhizopus and led to low diversity. Biodiversity indices, such as Shannon and Simpson, revealed variable diversity levels depending on the type of amendment, affecting both species richness and distribution. The Shannon index indicated maximum diversity in manure-amended soil (H’ = 1.739 bits) and minimum diversity in mulch-treated sludge soil (H’ = 0.9761 bits), suggesting better species distribution in the former. Similarly, the evenness index was highest in manure-amended soil (J = 0.8938), reflecting a more uniform species distribution, and lowest in sludge mulch treatment (J = 0.6065), indicating marked unevenness. Principal component analysis showed that each amendment was associated with distinct fungal groups, suggesting a specific response of fungal communities to the conditions induced by these treatments. This study highlights the importance of organic amendments in managing soil fungal diversity and promoting more sustainable agriculture.