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<p>This study aims to optimize Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in coastal aquifers through an integrated circular economy–based framework combining FEFLOW groundwater modeling, GIS analysis, and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). The methodology was applied to the Nabeul–Hammamet coastal aquifer (Tunisia), a semi-arid system affected by overexploitation and seawater intrusion. The approach integrates hydrogeological modeling with spatial decision-support tools to identify optimal recharge locations and evaluate recharge performance under different operational scenarios. Results show that moderate-permeability zones (10⁻⁶ – 5 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;m/s) provide the best balance between infiltration and groundwater retention, achieving piezometric recovery of up to + 35&#xa0;m by 2070 while limiting hydraulic losses toward the coastal boundary. A recharge threshold of 75% of system capacity achieves approximately 80% of maximum recovery while minimizing inefficiencies. The GIS–MCA framework further reduces implementation costs by 30% and land requirements by 22% compared to conventional approaches. These findings demonstrate the potential of MAR as a circular water management solution to enhance groundwater sustainability and mitigate seawater intrusion in semi-arid coastal regions. The proposed framework provides a transferable decision-support tool for groundwater management strategies robust under historical hydroclimatic variability and supports the integration of treated wastewater reuse within sustainable water policies.</p>

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Optimizing managed aquifer recharge in coastal aquifers through a circular economy–based FEFLOW–GIS–MCA framework

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Khadija Gdoura,
  • Makram Anane,
  • Rachida Bouhlila

摘要

This study aims to optimize Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in coastal aquifers through an integrated circular economy–based framework combining FEFLOW groundwater modeling, GIS analysis, and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). The methodology was applied to the Nabeul–Hammamet coastal aquifer (Tunisia), a semi-arid system affected by overexploitation and seawater intrusion. The approach integrates hydrogeological modeling with spatial decision-support tools to identify optimal recharge locations and evaluate recharge performance under different operational scenarios. Results show that moderate-permeability zones (10⁻⁶ – 5 × 10⁻5 m/s) provide the best balance between infiltration and groundwater retention, achieving piezometric recovery of up to + 35 m by 2070 while limiting hydraulic losses toward the coastal boundary. A recharge threshold of 75% of system capacity achieves approximately 80% of maximum recovery while minimizing inefficiencies. The GIS–MCA framework further reduces implementation costs by 30% and land requirements by 22% compared to conventional approaches. These findings demonstrate the potential of MAR as a circular water management solution to enhance groundwater sustainability and mitigate seawater intrusion in semi-arid coastal regions. The proposed framework provides a transferable decision-support tool for groundwater management strategies robust under historical hydroclimatic variability and supports the integration of treated wastewater reuse within sustainable water policies.