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<p>The optimization of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is essential to reduce water scarcity. This study evaluates the performance of the Ain El Houtz urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Tlemcen, northwestern Algeria, over a ten-month period (January-October 2021) through monitoring of key physicochemical parameters. Influent wastewater exhibited typical domestic characteristics, with stable BOD<sub>5</sub> (246&#xa0;mg/l), COD (503&#xa0;mg/l), TSS (227&#xa0;mg/l), neutral pH (7.58), and optimal temperature (21.4&#xa0;°C). The treatment achieved high removal efficiencies for BOD<sub>5</sub> (93.8%), COD (91.3%), and TSS (90.1%), confirming robust biological treatment performance. However, effluent concentrations of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 9.67&#xa0;mg/l) and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>, 3.81&#xa0;mg/l) frequently exceeded regulatory limits, highlighting persistent limitations in nutrient removal. The Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed only moderate improvement, decreasing from 65.1 (poor) to 59.4 (poor), highlighting persistent quality limitations. Numerical modeling of upstream flow obstacles indicated that rectangular barriers were most effective at reducing TSS by minimizing recirculation zones. These results confirm the plant’s efficiency in organic and particulate removal while identifying critical nutrient removal limitations, providing guidance for targeted operational optimization and potential infrastructure upgrades.</p>

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Reuse of wastewater to protect the environment in Algeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Amine Diaf,
  • Halima Belarbi,
  • Fayçal Djellouli,
  • Abderrahmane Nekkache Ghenim

摘要

The optimization of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is essential to reduce water scarcity. This study evaluates the performance of the Ain El Houtz urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Tlemcen, northwestern Algeria, over a ten-month period (January-October 2021) through monitoring of key physicochemical parameters. Influent wastewater exhibited typical domestic characteristics, with stable BOD5 (246 mg/l), COD (503 mg/l), TSS (227 mg/l), neutral pH (7.58), and optimal temperature (21.4 °C). The treatment achieved high removal efficiencies for BOD5 (93.8%), COD (91.3%), and TSS (90.1%), confirming robust biological treatment performance. However, effluent concentrations of ammonium (NH4+, 9.67 mg/l) and phosphate (PO43−, 3.81 mg/l) frequently exceeded regulatory limits, highlighting persistent limitations in nutrient removal. The Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed only moderate improvement, decreasing from 65.1 (poor) to 59.4 (poor), highlighting persistent quality limitations. Numerical modeling of upstream flow obstacles indicated that rectangular barriers were most effective at reducing TSS by minimizing recirculation zones. These results confirm the plant’s efficiency in organic and particulate removal while identifying critical nutrient removal limitations, providing guidance for targeted operational optimization and potential infrastructure upgrades.