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<p>Heavy metal contamination of wastewater is a critical environmental concern, requiring effective and sustainable treatment solutions. This study explores pomegranate peels as a sustainable and economical adsorbent for heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and copper in a continuous flow system. The raw, processed, and magnetically modified pomegranate peels were assessed, with the modified peels showing the highest removal efficiencies: 75%, 71%, and 74% for lead, cadmium, and copper, respectively, with enhanced active sites from treatment processes. The adsorption experiments in continuous systems were characterized and analyzed using the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models. Regeneration studies confirmed the adsorbent’s reusability, with notable efficiency retention upon desorption. Characterization of raw, processed, and modified pomegranate peels was performed using a scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed the peel’s structure, functional groups, surface area, and potential of heavy metal removal. The findings highlight magnetically treated pomegranate peels as a promising solution for heavy metal remediation, advancing eco-friendly water treatment techniques.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Adsorption of lead, cadmium, and copper from contaminated water using raw, processed, and magnetically modified pomegranate peels: a continuous column system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Batool Akram,
  • Abdelmnim Altwaiq,
  • Nidal Hussien,
  • Leen Ali,
  • Muayad Esaifan,
  • Feda Ali

摘要

Heavy metal contamination of wastewater is a critical environmental concern, requiring effective and sustainable treatment solutions. This study explores pomegranate peels as a sustainable and economical adsorbent for heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and copper in a continuous flow system. The raw, processed, and magnetically modified pomegranate peels were assessed, with the modified peels showing the highest removal efficiencies: 75%, 71%, and 74% for lead, cadmium, and copper, respectively, with enhanced active sites from treatment processes. The adsorption experiments in continuous systems were characterized and analyzed using the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models. Regeneration studies confirmed the adsorbent’s reusability, with notable efficiency retention upon desorption. Characterization of raw, processed, and modified pomegranate peels was performed using a scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed the peel’s structure, functional groups, surface area, and potential of heavy metal removal. The findings highlight magnetically treated pomegranate peels as a promising solution for heavy metal remediation, advancing eco-friendly water treatment techniques.

Graphical abstract