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<p>This work aims to evaluate the effect of controlled grinding and differential sieving processes for the eco-separation of particles on the content of boswellic acids, and more specifically 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a secondary metabolite and specific marker of the species Boswellia sacra Flueck. Five fractions of increasing particle size were obtained using this environmentally friendly process: ØF1 ≤ 50 µm, 50 µm &lt; ØF2 ≤ 100 µm, 100 µm &lt; ØF3 ≤ 212 µm, 212 µm &lt; ØF4 ≤ 300 µm, and ØF5 &gt; 300 µm. The ground, unsieved plant powder was also analyzed. These analyses showed that the highest concentration of AKBA was obtained in the unsieved, ground resin powder extract of B. sacra (54.6 ± 3.3 µg/ml, or 546 ± 33 µg/g dry weight), while the lowest concentration was obtained in the fraction with a particle size between 212 and 300 µm (41.2 ± 2.5 µg/ml, or 421 ± 25 µg/g dry weight). Among the sieved fractions of B. sacra resin, the fraction with a particle size ≤ 50 µm had the highest AKBA concentration (48.7 ± 3 µg/ml, or 487 ± 30 µg/g dry weight). It is important to note that this concentration is lower than that of unsifted resin powder, demonstrating that sieving B. sacra resin powder has little effect on the AKBA concentration in fine powders compared to unsifted powder, in comparison with powders obtained by the same process from other plants (Becker et al., Ind Crops Prod 87:116–123, 2016; Karam et al., J Food Eng 188:32–49, 2016; Zaiter et al., J Food Sci Technol 53:2025–2032, 2016; Becker et al., J Funct Foods 35:666–672, 2017; Deli et al., Food Sci Nutr 7:1795–1806, 2019). This difference is explained by the fact that the use of this environmentally friendly process is highly dependent on the part of the plant used. Thus, for resin or gum, this eco-process must be adapted to a single grinding or mixing step of the specific sieved fractions relevant to the highest AKBA concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study applying this eco-separation process to a resin matrix, thereby demonstrating its relevance for the scientific and functional valorization of resinous plant materials, in contrast to previous applications limited to non-resin plant organs.</p>

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Phytochemical exploration of bioactive compounds of Boswellia sacra Flueck resin (Luban) using innovative environmentally green extraction methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • L. Rashan,
  • A. Dicko,
  • C. Lambert,
  • J. Petit,
  • R. Soulimani

摘要

This work aims to evaluate the effect of controlled grinding and differential sieving processes for the eco-separation of particles on the content of boswellic acids, and more specifically 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a secondary metabolite and specific marker of the species Boswellia sacra Flueck. Five fractions of increasing particle size were obtained using this environmentally friendly process: ØF1 ≤ 50 µm, 50 µm < ØF2 ≤ 100 µm, 100 µm < ØF3 ≤ 212 µm, 212 µm < ØF4 ≤ 300 µm, and ØF5 > 300 µm. The ground, unsieved plant powder was also analyzed. These analyses showed that the highest concentration of AKBA was obtained in the unsieved, ground resin powder extract of B. sacra (54.6 ± 3.3 µg/ml, or 546 ± 33 µg/g dry weight), while the lowest concentration was obtained in the fraction with a particle size between 212 and 300 µm (41.2 ± 2.5 µg/ml, or 421 ± 25 µg/g dry weight). Among the sieved fractions of B. sacra resin, the fraction with a particle size ≤ 50 µm had the highest AKBA concentration (48.7 ± 3 µg/ml, or 487 ± 30 µg/g dry weight). It is important to note that this concentration is lower than that of unsifted resin powder, demonstrating that sieving B. sacra resin powder has little effect on the AKBA concentration in fine powders compared to unsifted powder, in comparison with powders obtained by the same process from other plants (Becker et al., Ind Crops Prod 87:116–123, 2016; Karam et al., J Food Eng 188:32–49, 2016; Zaiter et al., J Food Sci Technol 53:2025–2032, 2016; Becker et al., J Funct Foods 35:666–672, 2017; Deli et al., Food Sci Nutr 7:1795–1806, 2019). This difference is explained by the fact that the use of this environmentally friendly process is highly dependent on the part of the plant used. Thus, for resin or gum, this eco-process must be adapted to a single grinding or mixing step of the specific sieved fractions relevant to the highest AKBA concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study applying this eco-separation process to a resin matrix, thereby demonstrating its relevance for the scientific and functional valorization of resinous plant materials, in contrast to previous applications limited to non-resin plant organs.