<p>Traditional water harvesting methods worldwide are evidence of human ingenuity in adapting to water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In Tunisia, traditional rainwater harvesting systems are divided into systems such as Meskat (runoff water harvesting for cultivation), Jessour (stone barriers over wadis), Mgoud (catchment basins on mountain slopes for seepage irrigation), and the large vaulted or open-air cistern known as Majel (or fesquia). The Majel system is a particularly important traditional structure in Central Tunisia (Gafsa and Sidi Bouzid). It is a traditional cistern used to collect and store runoff water to provide people and animals with vital drinking water and to provide water for small-scale irrigation. This study aimed to provide insights into this type of water heritage: Number, significance, structure, history, and perspective. Our study shows a series of four large majels, all located in the north of Gafsa and southern Bouzid, differing only in their size and state of conservation and have been in use, after successive restorations, since the Roman Era. The Majel systems face challenges resulting from increasing dependence on modern groundwater extraction, rural depopulation leading to the loss of traditional knowledge, climate change altering rainfall patterns, and policy changes in favor of large-scale infrastructure. Nevertheless, strategies need to be developed that offer a resilient approach to the challenges of today’s water scarcity and sustainability.</p>