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<p>In this study, a Doehlert design was used to investigate the treatment of Congo Red (CR) and Indigo Carmine (IC) by electrocoagulation (EC) on iron electrodes. The effect of three parameters: dye concentration, current intensity and electrolysis time on the removal efficiency and COD reduction rate was investigated to determine the optimum treatment conditions for these dyes. The P-values and ANOVAs show a good fit between the regression models and the experimental data for all responses. The results showed that the optimum treatment conditions for COD removal were: for CR, a concentration of 75&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, an intensity of 0.1 A and a treatment time of 90&#xa0;min; for IC, 88&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, 0.2 A and 90&#xa0;min. Application of these optimum conditions resulted in a removal efficiency of 81.3% and a COD removal rate of 100% for CR, with an associated energy consumption of 2.175 kWh m<sup>−3</sup>. For IC, the same conditions resulted in a removal efficiency of 97.4%, a COD removal rate of 100% and an energy consumption of 5.25 kWh m<sup>−3</sup>.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Advanced electrocoagulation treatment for dye-contaminated water: iron electrodes and RSM optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Maha Khalifa,
  • Aida Zaabtia,
  • Mohamedou Ba,
  • Salah Ammar

摘要

In this study, a Doehlert design was used to investigate the treatment of Congo Red (CR) and Indigo Carmine (IC) by electrocoagulation (EC) on iron electrodes. The effect of three parameters: dye concentration, current intensity and electrolysis time on the removal efficiency and COD reduction rate was investigated to determine the optimum treatment conditions for these dyes. The P-values and ANOVAs show a good fit between the regression models and the experimental data for all responses. The results showed that the optimum treatment conditions for COD removal were: for CR, a concentration of 75 mg L−1, an intensity of 0.1 A and a treatment time of 90 min; for IC, 88 mg L−1, 0.2 A and 90 min. Application of these optimum conditions resulted in a removal efficiency of 81.3% and a COD removal rate of 100% for CR, with an associated energy consumption of 2.175 kWh m−3. For IC, the same conditions resulted in a removal efficiency of 97.4%, a COD removal rate of 100% and an energy consumption of 5.25 kWh m−3.

Graphical abstract