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<p>This study assessed the tolerance of chinese hibiscus <i>(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i> L.<i>)</i> and curtain fig (<i>Ficus microcarpa</i> L.) to air pollutants (fluoride, cadmium, and lead) emitted by the phosphate fertilizer industry in Gabes, Tunisia. Plants were sampled from three sites located at 1 km (S1, highly polluted), 12 km (S2, moderately polluted), and 25 km (S3, control) from the industrial source.In both plant species, the fluoride and heavy metals air pollution induced a large reduction in the levels of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, an elevation of oxidative stresses markers (hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde) in conjunction with high levels of osmoprotectants (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzymes activities (such as SOD, CAT, GPOX) associated with non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (polyphenols) were observed. Interestingly, <i>Ficus</i> exhibited significantly higher antioxidant defense responses and osmoregulation capacity as compared to <i>Hibiscus</i>, along with the lowest reduction in chlorophyll content and oxidative stress markers across all sites. Consequently, <i>Ficus</i> showed higher tolerance capacity for air pollution when compared to <i>Hibiscus</i>. Overall, the ability of <i>Ficus</i> to tolerate fluoride and metal stress makes this species a good candidate to rehabilitate polluted landscapes at least under the described environmental conditions. However, <i>Hibiscus</i>, due to its higher sensitivity to these pollutants, can serve as a valuable bioindicator species for monitoring the impact and extent of industrial air pollution.</p>

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Comparative responses of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Ficus microcarpa L. to industrial air pollution: implications for biomonitoring and urban greening in contaminated environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Imed Mezghani,
  • Lina Trabelsi,
  • Rim Touiti,
  • Ferjani Ben Abdallah,
  • Bechir Ben Rouina,
  • Nada Elloumi

摘要

This study assessed the tolerance of chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) and curtain fig (Ficus microcarpa L.) to air pollutants (fluoride, cadmium, and lead) emitted by the phosphate fertilizer industry in Gabes, Tunisia. Plants were sampled from three sites located at 1 km (S1, highly polluted), 12 km (S2, moderately polluted), and 25 km (S3, control) from the industrial source.In both plant species, the fluoride and heavy metals air pollution induced a large reduction in the levels of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, an elevation of oxidative stresses markers (hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde) in conjunction with high levels of osmoprotectants (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzymes activities (such as SOD, CAT, GPOX) associated with non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (polyphenols) were observed. Interestingly, Ficus exhibited significantly higher antioxidant defense responses and osmoregulation capacity as compared to Hibiscus, along with the lowest reduction in chlorophyll content and oxidative stress markers across all sites. Consequently, Ficus showed higher tolerance capacity for air pollution when compared to Hibiscus. Overall, the ability of Ficus to tolerate fluoride and metal stress makes this species a good candidate to rehabilitate polluted landscapes at least under the described environmental conditions. However, Hibiscus, due to its higher sensitivity to these pollutants, can serve as a valuable bioindicator species for monitoring the impact and extent of industrial air pollution.