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<p>The discharge of synthetic dyes such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5) into aquatic environments poses a serious environmental challenge due to their persistence, toxicity, and resistance to conventional wastewater treatments. In this study, organoclays were synthesized by modifying natural montmorillonite clays originating from Algeria (Mnt A) and Germany (Mnt G) using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), aiming to enhance their adsorption efficiency for RB5 removal. The clays were characterized using granulometry, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DTG, XRF, and zeta potential analysis, confirming successful modification. Batch adsorption experiments showed rapid dye removal within 60&#xa0;min, with optimal performance at pH 2, an initial dye concentration of 100&#xa0;mg/L. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among these, Langmuir provided the best fit, indicating monolayer chemisorption, with Mnt AM exhibiting the highest adsorption capacity (113.4&#xa0;mg/g) compared to Mnt GM (101.8&#xa0;mg/g) and the raw montmorillonite. Temkin model analysis further contributed to understanding the energy distribution and adsorbent–adsorbate interactions. Mechanistic insights indicated that the unmodified clays relied mainly on cation bridging, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, while HDTMA-modified clays benefited from the additional electrostatic attraction, the hydrophobic effects, and π–π stacking. These results underscore the potential of organoclays as efficient, reusable adsorbents for textile wastewater remediation.</p>

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Comparative assessment of Reactive Black 5 removal from aqueous solution using organically modified montmorillonite clays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Sabiha Hakkar,
  • Abdecharif Boumaza,
  • Mounir Mekidiche,
  • Imen Amri,
  • Kawther Yahya,
  • Roufaida Merir,
  • Khaled Hosni,
  • Besma Mellah,
  • Noureddine Hamdi

摘要

The discharge of synthetic dyes such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5) into aquatic environments poses a serious environmental challenge due to their persistence, toxicity, and resistance to conventional wastewater treatments. In this study, organoclays were synthesized by modifying natural montmorillonite clays originating from Algeria (Mnt A) and Germany (Mnt G) using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), aiming to enhance their adsorption efficiency for RB5 removal. The clays were characterized using granulometry, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DTG, XRF, and zeta potential analysis, confirming successful modification. Batch adsorption experiments showed rapid dye removal within 60 min, with optimal performance at pH 2, an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among these, Langmuir provided the best fit, indicating monolayer chemisorption, with Mnt AM exhibiting the highest adsorption capacity (113.4 mg/g) compared to Mnt GM (101.8 mg/g) and the raw montmorillonite. Temkin model analysis further contributed to understanding the energy distribution and adsorbent–adsorbate interactions. Mechanistic insights indicated that the unmodified clays relied mainly on cation bridging, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, while HDTMA-modified clays benefited from the additional electrostatic attraction, the hydrophobic effects, and π–π stacking. These results underscore the potential of organoclays as efficient, reusable adsorbents for textile wastewater remediation.