Bimetallic Ag–Cu catalysts supported on natural biopolymers chitin and chitosan: performance and kinetic analysis of the reduction of para-nitrophenol
摘要
In this study, bimetallic catalysts with different Ag/Cu weight ratios (x/y = 1.5/3.5, 2.5/2.5, and 3.5/1.5 wt%) were prepared using an impregnation method and natural biopolymers, namely chitin (CN) and chitosan (CS), as supports. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming their successful synthesis. These analyses highlighted strong interactions between the Ag and Cu nanoparticles and the polymeric supports, as well as distinct morphological features of the catalysts. The catalytic activity was assessed through the reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) to p-aminophenol (p-AP) using NaBH4 at 25 °C, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Among the catalysts tested, the Ag–Cu/CN series showed superior performance compared to the Ag–Cu/CS analogues, with the 2.5 wt% Ag–2.5 wt% Cu/CN catalyst exhibiting the highest activity. The improved efficiency was mainly ascribed to the better accessibility of reactants to the well-dispersed active nanoparticles, along with the synergistic contribution of Ag and Cu at the selected loading ratios. These findings not only demonstrate the benefits of employing CN and CS as sustainable supports for Ag–Cu catalysts in environmental applications, but also underline their effectiveness under mild conditions, leading to high catalytic conversion and selectivity without any prior activation treatment.