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<p>The expansion of plastic-covered greenhouses (PCGs) in Morocco’s Souss-Massa region has exacerbated groundwater overexploitation, endangering local water resources and agricultural livelihoods. This study assesses the water demand and the impact of a desalination plant in the Chtouka plain using an integrated approach that combines remote sensing, CropWat modeling, and field surveys. Landsat and Sentinel-2 data were used to monitor PCGs from 1990 to 2023, applying object-oriented (OB) and pixel-based (PB) classification methods. Results showed that OB classification achieved 89.35% accuracy and a Cohen’s kappa of 0.78 for 2023. Additionally, CropWat estimated current and future crop irrigation requirements (CIR), highlighting the desalination plant’s key role. Initially designed to produce 275,000 m<sup>3</sup>/day, with 125,000 m<sup>3</sup>/day for irrigation, the plant now supplies 200,000 m<sup>3</sup>/day, meeting 48.62 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year of irrigation demand. By 2050, the plant is expected to supply 80 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year, covering 60% of the CIR, though only 73 Mm<sup>3</sup> will be met, requiring alternative solutions. The study recommends adopting efficient irrigation techniques, stricter groundwater regulations, and expanding desalination projects to ensure sustainable water management and support the agricultural sector. Enhanced farmer training on sustainable practices is also crucial for preserving water resources.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Toward sustainable agricultural water management in an agribusiness system: a case study of the Chtouka plain, Morocco

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Chaima Aglagal,
  • Mohammed Hssaisoune,
  • Mohammed El Hafyani,
  • Moussa Ait El Kadi,
  • Yassine Ait Brahim,
  • Lhoussaine Bouchaou

摘要

The expansion of plastic-covered greenhouses (PCGs) in Morocco’s Souss-Massa region has exacerbated groundwater overexploitation, endangering local water resources and agricultural livelihoods. This study assesses the water demand and the impact of a desalination plant in the Chtouka plain using an integrated approach that combines remote sensing, CropWat modeling, and field surveys. Landsat and Sentinel-2 data were used to monitor PCGs from 1990 to 2023, applying object-oriented (OB) and pixel-based (PB) classification methods. Results showed that OB classification achieved 89.35% accuracy and a Cohen’s kappa of 0.78 for 2023. Additionally, CropWat estimated current and future crop irrigation requirements (CIR), highlighting the desalination plant’s key role. Initially designed to produce 275,000 m3/day, with 125,000 m3/day for irrigation, the plant now supplies 200,000 m3/day, meeting 48.62 Mm3/year of irrigation demand. By 2050, the plant is expected to supply 80 Mm3/year, covering 60% of the CIR, though only 73 Mm3 will be met, requiring alternative solutions. The study recommends adopting efficient irrigation techniques, stricter groundwater regulations, and expanding desalination projects to ensure sustainable water management and support the agricultural sector. Enhanced farmer training on sustainable practices is also crucial for preserving water resources.

Graphical abstract