<p>To ensure global food security, fertilizers are becoming increasingly necessary as the world’s population grows. Potash fertilizers have played an important role in increasing agricultural yields, but potash is notorious for its high price and scarcity. In addition to the detrimental effects that chemical fertilizers have on the environment and human health, studies on igneous rocks as potassium fertilizers are attracting increasing interest due to the growing demand for potential sources of potassium. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an up-to-date review and bibliometric analysis of the potential application of igneous rocks as K-fertilizers and potential nutrient suppliers. It also provides an overview of the main techniques used to extract potassium from K-feldspar, including microbial decomposition, hydrothermal methods, high-temperature pyrolysis, and low-temperature methods. It examines in detail the mechanisms, efficacy, influencing factors and progress of each extraction method. In addition, it provides a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of these methods in terms of potassium extraction efficiency and simplicity of operating processes. Factors such as additive type and doses, reaction temperature, duration, and ore particle size were found to significantly affect the potassium extraction efficiency. From an environmental perspective, extracting potassium from igneous rocks could reduce dependence on traditional sources of potassium and minimize the adverse effects associated with the intensive exploitation of conventional mines. This approach also promotes sustainable agricultural practices, enhance soil fertility, and decrease reliance on imported fertilizers.</p>