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<p>The pumpkin fruit fly <i>Dacus frontalis</i> Becker (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the Ethiopian fruit fly <i>Dacus ciliatus</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) are considered as the most destructive damaging cucurbit fruit pests in North Africa. Both insects were recently reported from Tunisia, therefore, very little data are available regarding their biology, ecology, distribution and damage. This work provides insights into the occurrence of these pests in southern Tunisia. A survey was conducted from 2020 to 2022 by sampling fruits to identify cucurbitaceae fruit flies geographic distribution and losses. Incidence and field infestation index were assessed in four governorates through cucurbit fruits sampling at regular intervals and incubation in the laboratory for fly emergence. A significant predominance of <i>Dacus frontalis</i> (81.67%). In contrast, <i>Dacus ciliatus</i> was found in 75.67% of all fruits. Incidence variation was significant in relation of host plant species (<i>F</i> = 17.59, df = 8, <i>p</i> = 0.000). Snake cucumber had the most important incidence (96.64%) but cucumber had the less value (21.77%). For governorate, the incidence variation was non-significant (<i>F</i> = 0.111, df = 3, <i>P</i> = 0.954) (from 51.83% to 60.26%). About infestation by <i>D.frontalis</i>, Snake cucumber and Zucchini had the highest average infestation rates (141.24 flies/kg and 140.44 flies/kg of fruit, respectively), this was followed by Melon, Watermelon, and Pumpkin, Cucumber, Wild gourd and Eggplant which has been identified as a new host plant. For <i>D. ciliatus</i>, Snake cucumber and Zucchini also had the highest infestation rate (9.82 flies/kg and 8.23 flies/kg of fruit, respectively), followed by Pumpkin, Melon, and Wild gourd, Cucumber and Watermelon.Depending on host species, the statistical analysis showed significant infestation rates for D.<i>frontalis</i> (<i>F</i> = 33.446, df = 8, <i>P</i> = 0.000) and non-significant variation for D. <i>ciliatus</i> (<i>F</i> = 2.143, df = 8, <i>P</i> = 0.066). Significant variations in infestation of D. <i>ciliatus</i> were observed across different study sites (<i>F</i> = 3.085, df = 3, <i>P</i> = 0.041). The highest infestation rates were recorded in Tataouine (5.68 fruit flies/kg), and Kebili (7.78 fruit flies/kg), in contrast, <i>D. frontalis</i>, there were no significant differences in infestation rates across regions (<i>F</i> = 0.116, df = 3, <i>P</i> = 0.950).</p>

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The invasive cucurbit fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Dacus frontalis Becker and Dacus ciliatus Loew in southern Tunisia: preliminary data on distribution, hosts and infestation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Amani Ben Othmen,
  • Ali Ben Belgacem,
  • Mohamed Sadok Bel-Kadhi,
  • Kamel Nagaz,
  • Mohamed Braham

摘要

The pumpkin fruit fly Dacus frontalis Becker (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the Ethiopian fruit fly Dacus ciliatus (Diptera: Tephritidae) are considered as the most destructive damaging cucurbit fruit pests in North Africa. Both insects were recently reported from Tunisia, therefore, very little data are available regarding their biology, ecology, distribution and damage. This work provides insights into the occurrence of these pests in southern Tunisia. A survey was conducted from 2020 to 2022 by sampling fruits to identify cucurbitaceae fruit flies geographic distribution and losses. Incidence and field infestation index were assessed in four governorates through cucurbit fruits sampling at regular intervals and incubation in the laboratory for fly emergence. A significant predominance of Dacus frontalis (81.67%). In contrast, Dacus ciliatus was found in 75.67% of all fruits. Incidence variation was significant in relation of host plant species (F = 17.59, df = 8, p = 0.000). Snake cucumber had the most important incidence (96.64%) but cucumber had the less value (21.77%). For governorate, the incidence variation was non-significant (F = 0.111, df = 3, P = 0.954) (from 51.83% to 60.26%). About infestation by D.frontalis, Snake cucumber and Zucchini had the highest average infestation rates (141.24 flies/kg and 140.44 flies/kg of fruit, respectively), this was followed by Melon, Watermelon, and Pumpkin, Cucumber, Wild gourd and Eggplant which has been identified as a new host plant. For D. ciliatus, Snake cucumber and Zucchini also had the highest infestation rate (9.82 flies/kg and 8.23 flies/kg of fruit, respectively), followed by Pumpkin, Melon, and Wild gourd, Cucumber and Watermelon.Depending on host species, the statistical analysis showed significant infestation rates for D.frontalis (F = 33.446, df = 8, P = 0.000) and non-significant variation for D. ciliatus (F = 2.143, df = 8, P = 0.066). Significant variations in infestation of D. ciliatus were observed across different study sites (F = 3.085, df = 3, P = 0.041). The highest infestation rates were recorded in Tataouine (5.68 fruit flies/kg), and Kebili (7.78 fruit flies/kg), in contrast, D. frontalis, there were no significant differences in infestation rates across regions (F = 0.116, df = 3, P = 0.950).