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<p>This study evaluates the nutritional composition (fiber, ash, protein, sugar, starch, fat, carbohydrates, and energy), mineral content, and fatty acid profile of acorns from three Tunisian <i>Quercus</i> species; <i>Q. suber</i> L. (Qs1 and Qs2), <i>Q. canariensis</i> Willd. (Qc1 and Qc2), and <i>Q. ilex</i> L. (Qi1 and Qi2). For each species, acorns were collected from two distinct geographical sites to assess both interspecific and intraspecific variations. This work provides for the first time the nutritional evaluation of <i>Q. canariensis</i> acorns and the oil composition of <i>Q. suber</i> from Tunisia. Results showed that the <i>Q. suber</i> (Qs2) and <i>Q. canariensis</i> (Qc1) have the highest ash contents (2.70%), while <i>Q. ilex</i> (Qi2) is distinguished by its high crude fiber, soluble sugars and fat yield (3.10, 34.11, and 9.32&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g dw, respectively). The <i>Q. canariensis</i> displays the highest crude protein content (Qc1; 7.43&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g dw), as well as starch (Qc2; 72.63&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g dw) and carbohydrates (Qc2; 84.87%). <i>Q. suber</i> (Qs2) acorns are the richest in minerals, particularly in potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron (1150.0, 125.2, 70.0 and 8.7&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g dw, respectively). The oleic acid (Qs1; 65.28%), linoleic (Qc1; 24.07%), and palmitic (Qi2; 15.10%) acids are the predominant. <i>Q. suber</i> acorn oil exhibits the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) ratios (Qs2; 5.66 and 6.36, respectively). Qc1 shows the lowest atherogenic (AI) (0.02) and thrombogenic (TI) (0.03) indices; however, the <i>Q. ilex</i> oils have the lowest oxidation vulnerability, traduced by the lowest values in oxidizability index (Cox) and oxidative susceptibility (OS), particularly in Qi2 (2.38 and 832.04, respectively). The findings underscore acorn flours as a promising alternative resource in human nutrition and therapeutic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Nutritional profile of acorn flour from three Tunisian Quercus L. species: interspecific and intraspecific variation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Abir Haddada,
  • Wissal Saadellaoui,
  • Nourhen Hammami,
  • Samiha Kahlaoui,
  • Naouel Klibi,
  • Hédia Hannachi,
  • Sondes Stambouli-Essassi

摘要

This study evaluates the nutritional composition (fiber, ash, protein, sugar, starch, fat, carbohydrates, and energy), mineral content, and fatty acid profile of acorns from three Tunisian Quercus species; Q. suber L. (Qs1 and Qs2), Q. canariensis Willd. (Qc1 and Qc2), and Q. ilex L. (Qi1 and Qi2). For each species, acorns were collected from two distinct geographical sites to assess both interspecific and intraspecific variations. This work provides for the first time the nutritional evaluation of Q. canariensis acorns and the oil composition of Q. suber from Tunisia. Results showed that the Q. suber (Qs2) and Q. canariensis (Qc1) have the highest ash contents (2.70%), while Q. ilex (Qi2) is distinguished by its high crude fiber, soluble sugars and fat yield (3.10, 34.11, and 9.32 mg/100 g dw, respectively). The Q. canariensis displays the highest crude protein content (Qc1; 7.43 mg/100 g dw), as well as starch (Qc2; 72.63 mg/100 g dw) and carbohydrates (Qc2; 84.87%). Q. suber (Qs2) acorns are the richest in minerals, particularly in potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron (1150.0, 125.2, 70.0 and 8.7 mg/100 g dw, respectively). The oleic acid (Qs1; 65.28%), linoleic (Qc1; 24.07%), and palmitic (Qi2; 15.10%) acids are the predominant. Q. suber acorn oil exhibits the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) ratios (Qs2; 5.66 and 6.36, respectively). Qc1 shows the lowest atherogenic (AI) (0.02) and thrombogenic (TI) (0.03) indices; however, the Q. ilex oils have the lowest oxidation vulnerability, traduced by the lowest values in oxidizability index (Cox) and oxidative susceptibility (OS), particularly in Qi2 (2.38 and 832.04, respectively). The findings underscore acorn flours as a promising alternative resource in human nutrition and therapeutic applications.

Graphical abstract