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<p>The integration of renewable energy sources (RES), such as residential rooftop PV, presents significant challenges for power distribution networks in Mediterranean countries. Grid instability and power quality issues arise from the intermittent nature of RES. This paper proposes a mathematical modeling and real-time simulation approach of an electric spring (ES) integration into a radial distribution network with high-RES penetration, as a demand side management (DSM) solution to mitigate voltage supply fluctuation. The proposed approach regulates the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage through the control of a second-generation ES’s output voltage. A control strategy based on a cascaded loop of voltage and current regulations is detailed. The ES performance has been validated through real-time simulation, which involved CPU-FPGA co-simulation using the OP4510 real-time simulator. This co-simulation allows the partitioning of the slower dynamic on the CPU and the faster dynamic on the FPGA, enabling a near-realistic system behavior where the slow control part of the system is executed at 10&#xa0;µs time-step on the CPU while the fast dynamic power circuit run at 250&#xa0;ns on the FPGA. The proposed control system effectively restores the PCC voltage to its nominal value when tackling voltage deviations up to ± 20% of the rated value, enhancing a wider voltage-ride-through. By mitigating voltage instability issues, the ES enables higher levels of RES integration without compromising reliability, reducing reliance on fossil fuel generation.</p>

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Electric spring control for voltage profile enhancement in residential distribution networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Sonia Moussa,
  • Mohamed Anis Bel Ayadi,
  • Ilhem Slama-Belkhodja

摘要

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES), such as residential rooftop PV, presents significant challenges for power distribution networks in Mediterranean countries. Grid instability and power quality issues arise from the intermittent nature of RES. This paper proposes a mathematical modeling and real-time simulation approach of an electric spring (ES) integration into a radial distribution network with high-RES penetration, as a demand side management (DSM) solution to mitigate voltage supply fluctuation. The proposed approach regulates the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage through the control of a second-generation ES’s output voltage. A control strategy based on a cascaded loop of voltage and current regulations is detailed. The ES performance has been validated through real-time simulation, which involved CPU-FPGA co-simulation using the OP4510 real-time simulator. This co-simulation allows the partitioning of the slower dynamic on the CPU and the faster dynamic on the FPGA, enabling a near-realistic system behavior where the slow control part of the system is executed at 10 µs time-step on the CPU while the fast dynamic power circuit run at 250 ns on the FPGA. The proposed control system effectively restores the PCC voltage to its nominal value when tackling voltage deviations up to ± 20% of the rated value, enhancing a wider voltage-ride-through. By mitigating voltage instability issues, the ES enables higher levels of RES integration without compromising reliability, reducing reliance on fossil fuel generation.