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<p>Microeukaryotes play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems, yet factors shaping their community structure and assembly processes remain poorly understood in regions like Egypt. This study used environmental DNA metabarcoding to explore microeukaryotic diversity, composition, and assembly mechanisms in groundwater and tap water systems. Environmental parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and nitrogen species, were analyzed for their impact on community dynamics. Tap water exhibited higher richness and diversity than groundwater, might be influenced by treatment processes and flow conditions, with biofilms in distribution systems. Opisthokonta dominated both systems, with a higher relative abundance in groundwater, while Archaeplastida, Alveolata, and Stramenopiles were more prevalent in tap water. <i>Blastocystis</i>, an emerging pathogen with zoonotic potential, was more abundant in groundwater than tap water. <i>Entamoeba</i> amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were abundant in groundwater but less prevalent in tap water, reflecting the efficacy of chlorination and filtration. Beta-diversity analysis revealed distinct community patterns, and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) identified pH, nitrogen species, and dissolved oxygen as significant factors. Stochastic drift was the primary assembly mechanism, accounting for 86.67% in tap water and 90% in groundwater. Tap water also exhibited dispersal limitation (6.7%) and homogenizing dispersal (6.7%), while groundwater was shaped by homogeneous selection (10%) due to stable conditions. These findings offer critical insights into the ecological dynamics of microeukaryotic communities in Egypt’s water systems, supporting enhanced water management.</p>

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Environmental DNA reveals drift-dominated microeukaryotic communities in Egypt’s aquatic systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月3日

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  • Mahmoud Gad,
  • Rafat Zrieq,
  • Mohamed A. Marouf,
  • Fahad D. Algahtani,
  • Bandar Alsaif,
  • Awfa Y. Alazzeh,
  • Rozan Attili,
  • Reema Sultana Syed,
  • Fagr Kh. Abdel-Gawad

摘要

Microeukaryotes play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems, yet factors shaping their community structure and assembly processes remain poorly understood in regions like Egypt. This study used environmental DNA metabarcoding to explore microeukaryotic diversity, composition, and assembly mechanisms in groundwater and tap water systems. Environmental parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and nitrogen species, were analyzed for their impact on community dynamics. Tap water exhibited higher richness and diversity than groundwater, might be influenced by treatment processes and flow conditions, with biofilms in distribution systems. Opisthokonta dominated both systems, with a higher relative abundance in groundwater, while Archaeplastida, Alveolata, and Stramenopiles were more prevalent in tap water. Blastocystis, an emerging pathogen with zoonotic potential, was more abundant in groundwater than tap water. Entamoeba amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were abundant in groundwater but less prevalent in tap water, reflecting the efficacy of chlorination and filtration. Beta-diversity analysis revealed distinct community patterns, and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) identified pH, nitrogen species, and dissolved oxygen as significant factors. Stochastic drift was the primary assembly mechanism, accounting for 86.67% in tap water and 90% in groundwater. Tap water also exhibited dispersal limitation (6.7%) and homogenizing dispersal (6.7%), while groundwater was shaped by homogeneous selection (10%) due to stable conditions. These findings offer critical insights into the ecological dynamics of microeukaryotic communities in Egypt’s water systems, supporting enhanced water management.