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<p>In Tunisian oases, the predatory beetles <i>Cybocephalus palmarum</i> and <i>Pharoscymnus anchorago</i> are important for the natural regulation of the date palm scale <i>Parlatoria blanchardi</i> and the spider mite <i>Oligonychus afrasiaticus</i>. <i>Trichogramma cacoeciae</i> has been described as an agent for the control of <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i>. The vulnerability of the predatory beetles <i>C. palmarum</i>, <i>P. anchorago</i> and the parasitoid <i>T. cacoeciae</i> to six pesticides commonly used in Tunisian oases was tested in the laboratory. Mineral oil, spinosad and sulfur are toxic to the adults of <i>T. cacoeciae</i> and significantly reduce their emergence. However, <i>Bt</i>, azadirachtin and spirotetramat have less effect on the adults, and the percentage of <i>T. cacoeciae</i> adult emergence rate exceeded 80%. The sensitivity of <i>P. anchorago</i> and <i>C. palmarum</i> to insecticides varied depending on the used insecticide exposure time and the developmental stages. Spinosad, sulfur and spirotetramat were slightly harmful to larvae and adults of <i>P. anchorago</i>. Spinosad and sulfur showed the highest insecticidal activity against <i>P. anchorago</i> larvae 6 days after treatment. Mineral oil was harmless to larvae and adults of <i>P. anchorago</i>. Spinosad was highly toxic to larvae and adults of <i>C. palmarum</i>. Spinosad, sulfur and mineral oil should not be used to manage <i>E. ceratoniae</i> in the field during mass release of <i>T. cacoeciae</i>. The tested pesticides, especially mineral oil and spinosad, should be carefully used in oases and applied in date palms during periods of low activity of <i>P. anchorago</i> and <i>C. palmarum</i>.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effects of pesticides used on date palm to Trichogramma cacoeciae (Trichogrammatidae), Pharoscymnus anchorago (Coccinellidae) and Cybocephalus palmarum (Cybocephalidae) under laboratory conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Samah Ben Chaaban,
  • Ons Aboudiaf,
  • Kamel Mahjoubi,
  • Manel Ben Ali,
  • Amor Hedfi,
  • Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa

摘要

In Tunisian oases, the predatory beetles Cybocephalus palmarum and Pharoscymnus anchorago are important for the natural regulation of the date palm scale Parlatoria blanchardi and the spider mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus. Trichogramma cacoeciae has been described as an agent for the control of Ectomyelois ceratoniae. The vulnerability of the predatory beetles C. palmarum, P. anchorago and the parasitoid T. cacoeciae to six pesticides commonly used in Tunisian oases was tested in the laboratory. Mineral oil, spinosad and sulfur are toxic to the adults of T. cacoeciae and significantly reduce their emergence. However, Bt, azadirachtin and spirotetramat have less effect on the adults, and the percentage of T. cacoeciae adult emergence rate exceeded 80%. The sensitivity of P. anchorago and C. palmarum to insecticides varied depending on the used insecticide exposure time and the developmental stages. Spinosad, sulfur and spirotetramat were slightly harmful to larvae and adults of P. anchorago. Spinosad and sulfur showed the highest insecticidal activity against P. anchorago larvae 6 days after treatment. Mineral oil was harmless to larvae and adults of P. anchorago. Spinosad was highly toxic to larvae and adults of C. palmarum. Spinosad, sulfur and mineral oil should not be used to manage E. ceratoniae in the field during mass release of T. cacoeciae. The tested pesticides, especially mineral oil and spinosad, should be carefully used in oases and applied in date palms during periods of low activity of P. anchorago and C. palmarum.

Graphical Abstract