<p>Phosphate rocks are sedimentary deposits with high radioactivity concentrations (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs: Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr). These rocks are one of the primary ore sources for phosphorus concentrations that can be the principal element for fertilizer production in Tunisia. Owing to the inaccessibility of most of the mineral deposits as well as the cost and time requirements for conventional ground-based methods, geochemical and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) tools were utilized to locate and to map the phosphate rocks and estimate the Tunisian unconventional uranium reserves. The total unconventional resources of unconventional uranium from the phosphate rocks are approximately 690 MTU with 30–180 ppm/U. The Tunisian state can have 400 t U per year from phosphate rocks and phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). The total radioactivity (gamma radiation) rate is about 0.39 microS/h (Sra Ourtane basin), 0.25 microS/h (Maknassy basin), 0.36 microS/h (Gafsa basin) and 0.28 microS/h (Tozeur basin).This variation decreases from north to south and it depends on the uranium quantity integrated into Ypresian-phosphate rocks. The results of this study suggest that Tunisia will be particularly well-placed to extract uranium from phosphate rocks, phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, taking into account the infrastructural considerations. The phosphogypsum production in Tunisia is estimated to be around 10 million t U per year. This stock generates many ecological pollutions (marine in Gabes Gulf) and (continental in El Gharssa Chott) with high potential serious human health and environmental risks. The uranium, thorium and radium contents were increased since volatile constituents in the phosphate rocks were driven off (surface extraction by dynamite and not from caves). Today, the major question is to extract or not to extract uranium from phosphate rocks, phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum?.</p>