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<p>The Northern Tadla Plain is a significant agricultural region facing increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities, particularly intensive fertilizer use, and wastewater discharge, which threaten groundwater quality. This study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality in the northeastern Tadla Plain using geospatial techniques and statistical analysis. To this end, we have collected 20 groundwater samples between April 2021 and June 2022 and analyzed them for both physicochemical (pH, T, EC, Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and oxydability) and Bacteriological parameters such as total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), and fecal streptococci (FS). Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to develop thematic maps of all parameters. The results of the physicochemical analysis revealed that the water quality was generally characterized by high levels of nitrates and chlorides, with variability in sulfate and phosphate concentrations. Moreover, bacteriological analyses revealed high microorganism levels, particularly in the southeastern region, exceeding Moroccan and WHO standards. This indicates significant bacterial contamination, posing a potential public health risk. The geospatial techniques provided insights into the spatial distribution of these parameters, showing significant spatial variability with higher contamination levels in areas close to agricultural activities and urban centers. The statistical analysis uncovered substantial relationships among the parameters. Specifically, pH negatively correlates with temperature, while phosphate positively correlates with coliform levels. In addition, electrical conductivity is positively related to chloride and sulfate concentrations. Furthermore, TC and FC exhibit a near-perfect positive correlation, indicating simultaneous fluctuations. These findings highlight the complex dynamics influencing water quality interactions, which are crucial for effective environmental assessment and management. The study suggests that groundwater quality in the upstream region of the aquifer is generally moderate, largely due to anthropogenic activities and fertilization practices in agricultural areas, which contribute to contamination. However, it is important to note that the concentrations of other parameters remain below the established Moroccan standards. Furthermore, efforts to protect groundwater from the harmful impacts of human activities need to be intensified to ensure sustainable water resource management.</p>

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Groundwater quality mapping in the Northern Tadla Plain, Morocco, using GIS and combined physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月21日

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  • Salahddine Didi,
  • Abdessamad Hilali,
  • Said El Boute,
  • Aïman Hili,
  • Abdessamad Najine,
  • Fatima Zahra Hafiane,
  • Amroumoussa Benmoussa,
  • Khalid Sbaai,
  • Kaoutar Bazzar,
  • Hassan Mosaid

摘要

The Northern Tadla Plain is a significant agricultural region facing increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities, particularly intensive fertilizer use, and wastewater discharge, which threaten groundwater quality. This study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality in the northeastern Tadla Plain using geospatial techniques and statistical analysis. To this end, we have collected 20 groundwater samples between April 2021 and June 2022 and analyzed them for both physicochemical (pH, T, EC, Cl−, SO4−, PO42−, NO2−, NO3−, and oxydability) and Bacteriological parameters such as total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), and fecal streptococci (FS). Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to develop thematic maps of all parameters. The results of the physicochemical analysis revealed that the water quality was generally characterized by high levels of nitrates and chlorides, with variability in sulfate and phosphate concentrations. Moreover, bacteriological analyses revealed high microorganism levels, particularly in the southeastern region, exceeding Moroccan and WHO standards. This indicates significant bacterial contamination, posing a potential public health risk. The geospatial techniques provided insights into the spatial distribution of these parameters, showing significant spatial variability with higher contamination levels in areas close to agricultural activities and urban centers. The statistical analysis uncovered substantial relationships among the parameters. Specifically, pH negatively correlates with temperature, while phosphate positively correlates with coliform levels. In addition, electrical conductivity is positively related to chloride and sulfate concentrations. Furthermore, TC and FC exhibit a near-perfect positive correlation, indicating simultaneous fluctuations. These findings highlight the complex dynamics influencing water quality interactions, which are crucial for effective environmental assessment and management. The study suggests that groundwater quality in the upstream region of the aquifer is generally moderate, largely due to anthropogenic activities and fertilization practices in agricultural areas, which contribute to contamination. However, it is important to note that the concentrations of other parameters remain below the established Moroccan standards. Furthermore, efforts to protect groundwater from the harmful impacts of human activities need to be intensified to ensure sustainable water resource management.