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<p>Vegetable Oil Refinery is a key industrial activity in Tunisia contributing to the global economy, nevertheless it generates large volumes of wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand. Effective wastewater management is essential to mitigate the environmental impacts of this agri-food industry. The present investigation introduces a novel approach for treating Vegetable Oil Refinery Wastewater (VORW) through Coagulation/Flocculation (CF) treatment using a natural coagulant, <i>Moringa oleifera (</i>MO), and compares its efficiency with the most used coagulant Aluminum Sulfate (AS). The optimization process is based on two main stages. Initially, jar-test experiments are conducted to establish the operational ranges for the coagulant and flocculant used in the CF process. Subsequently, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) is applied to assess the influence of three primary factors on the process, i.e., coagulant concentration (X1), flocculant dosage (X2), and initial pH (X3), while the evaluated responses are Turbidity (Y1) and COD (Y2) removal efficiencies. The highest removal efficiencies (100% turbidity and 99.9% of COD) were achieved using 1.76&#xa0;g·L<sup>−1</sup> of AS, 68.27&#xa0;mg·L<sup>−1</sup> of flocculant, and an initial pH of about 9.54 while 100% turbidity and 91.63% of COD removals were obtained at an initial pH of 8.64, with 3.97&#xa0;g·L<sup>−1</sup> MOS concentration and 89.53&#xa0;mg·L<sup>−1</sup> of Chimfloc. Under these optimized conditions, CF treatment demonstrated dual benefits, efficiently treating oily wastewater, and eliminating phytotoxic effects, fostering substantial germination and growth in various components of <i>Lactuca Sativa</i> seeds. Thus, this study highlights the significant potential of MO, the based plant extract, in oily wastewater treatment, offering a sustainable solution to replace conventional chemical coagulants.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effectiveness of using Moringa oleifera seeds as a green coagulant for soya oil refinery wastewater ecological treatment: Box–Behnken design optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Linda Jammeli,
  • Ghofrane Louhichi,
  • Imen Khouni

摘要

Vegetable Oil Refinery is a key industrial activity in Tunisia contributing to the global economy, nevertheless it generates large volumes of wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand. Effective wastewater management is essential to mitigate the environmental impacts of this agri-food industry. The present investigation introduces a novel approach for treating Vegetable Oil Refinery Wastewater (VORW) through Coagulation/Flocculation (CF) treatment using a natural coagulant, Moringa oleifera (MO), and compares its efficiency with the most used coagulant Aluminum Sulfate (AS). The optimization process is based on two main stages. Initially, jar-test experiments are conducted to establish the operational ranges for the coagulant and flocculant used in the CF process. Subsequently, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) is applied to assess the influence of three primary factors on the process, i.e., coagulant concentration (X1), flocculant dosage (X2), and initial pH (X3), while the evaluated responses are Turbidity (Y1) and COD (Y2) removal efficiencies. The highest removal efficiencies (100% turbidity and 99.9% of COD) were achieved using 1.76 g·L−1 of AS, 68.27 mg·L−1 of flocculant, and an initial pH of about 9.54 while 100% turbidity and 91.63% of COD removals were obtained at an initial pH of 8.64, with 3.97 g·L−1 MOS concentration and 89.53 mg·L−1 of Chimfloc. Under these optimized conditions, CF treatment demonstrated dual benefits, efficiently treating oily wastewater, and eliminating phytotoxic effects, fostering substantial germination and growth in various components of Lactuca Sativa seeds. Thus, this study highlights the significant potential of MO, the based plant extract, in oily wastewater treatment, offering a sustainable solution to replace conventional chemical coagulants.

Graphical abstract