Mineral and biochemical analysis, polyphenol content and antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaves collected from two different Tunisian regions

Moringa oleifera, often referred to as a “miracle tree”, is renowned for its exceptional benefits. This study carried out a comparative evaluation of key phytochemicals, secondary metabolite levels and antioxidant capacity in M. oleifera leaves sourced from two distinct Tunisian regions: Souassi (upper arid bioclimatic stage) and El Maâmoura (semi-arid bioclimatic stage). The findings revealed notable differences between the regions. Leaves from Souassi exhibited significantly higher concentrations of ash, total sugars, proteins, and lipids compared to the El Maâmoura variety, which showed lower titratable acidity and Vitamin C contents. Furthermore, photosynthetic pigments varied, with Souassi presenting elevated proportions of anthocyanins. Decoctions and infusions from El Maâmoura leaves exhibited the highest total phenolic content, measuring 1.72 g GAE/100 g DW and 0.83 g GAE/100 g DW, respectively. Polyphenols derived through these methods were correlated with the plant’s antioxidant potency. Environmental factors in the two regions played a crucial role in shaping the chemical and biochemical profiles of the plant. Overall, Moringa from Souassi demonstrated higher secondary metabolites levels, nutritional content, and antioxidant activity compared to those from El Maâmoura, making it a promising species for combating malnutrition and maladies, with potential for commercial cultivation.