Potential for restoration of biodiversity in karstic mining regions with small-scale mining sites: birds and pits

This research paper investigates the potential of repurposing abandoned bauxite pits in the Adriatic karst region as key contributors to biodiversity conservation and restoration efforts. Emphasizing the importance of innovative approaches, the study proposes strategic rehabilitation measures for these unrehabilitated pits, focusing on the creation of rainwater-sustained water surfaces and fostering vegetation succession. The research underscores the significance of environmental compensation for new mining projects, advocating for the remediation of previously mined areas to support indigenous flora and fauna, particularly bird habitats. Despite slow natural succession, the unrehabilitated bauxite pits in Dalmatia, Croatia, exhibit biodiversity interest, hosting several bird species, including endangered ones. The petrology of bauxite deposits facilitates habitat engineering, with limestone providing structural support and marl contributing to biotope creation. Furthermore, the unique properties of bauxite help sustain water ponds and shield pits from strong winds, aiding in flora and fauna restoration. The study underscores the importance of multidisciplinary research, field trials, and continuous monitoring for effective habitat engineering in decommissioned mining sites. It recommends a step-by-step procedure for biodiversity restoration in mining regions, encompassing assessment, data collection, technical rehabilitation, planting and ongoing maintenance. By implementing these recommendations, mining regions can contribute significantly to biodiversity conservation and align with national and European Union (EU)-level objectives. The results of this study can be applied to similar contexts in broader area of Adriatic karst/external Dinaric Alps.