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<p>Sewage contaminated with hazardous organic pollutants poses a serious threat to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, an environmentally benign green synthesis of TiO₂ nanorods (NRs) using <i>Luffa acutangula</i> peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent is reported for the first time. The synthesized NRs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, and FE-SEM coupled with EDX analysis. UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 328&#xa0;nm, while XRD confirmed the crystalline TiO₂ phase with an average crystallite size of ~ 15&#xa0;nm. FE-SEM analysis revealed well-defined NRs with an average particle diameter of ~ 21&#xa0;nm, and EDX confirmed the presence of only Ti and O elements, indicating high purity. The photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye was optimized using a 2³ factorial design. The statistical model predicted a maximum degradation efficiency of 96% at an optimal catalyst dosage of 0.5&#xa0;g/L and solution pH of 7.0. Statistical analysis revealed that catalyst dosage and pH have a significant influence on the degradation process. These findings demonstrate that green-synthesized TiO₂ NRs are effective and sustainable photocatalysts, highlighting their potential for environmentally friendly wastewater treatment applications.</p>

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Advanced Photocatalytic Decomposition Using TiO₂ Nanorods: Optimization Through Factorial Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • S. K. Thiyakarajan,
  • S. Vijayakumar,
  • B. Akash,
  • D. Devadharshini,
  • V. Devi Rajeswari,
  • V. Yamini

摘要

Sewage contaminated with hazardous organic pollutants poses a serious threat to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, an environmentally benign green synthesis of TiO₂ nanorods (NRs) using Luffa acutangula peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent is reported for the first time. The synthesized NRs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, and FE-SEM coupled with EDX analysis. UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 328 nm, while XRD confirmed the crystalline TiO₂ phase with an average crystallite size of ~ 15 nm. FE-SEM analysis revealed well-defined NRs with an average particle diameter of ~ 21 nm, and EDX confirmed the presence of only Ti and O elements, indicating high purity. The photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye was optimized using a 2³ factorial design. The statistical model predicted a maximum degradation efficiency of 96% at an optimal catalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L and solution pH of 7.0. Statistical analysis revealed that catalyst dosage and pH have a significant influence on the degradation process. These findings demonstrate that green-synthesized TiO₂ NRs are effective and sustainable photocatalysts, highlighting their potential for environmentally friendly wastewater treatment applications.