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<p>Abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity pose significant threats to global agricultural productivity. This review examines the diverse ways in which abiotic stress factors impact plant growth and survival. Also, it explores the emerging role of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing plant resilience and sustainability under such adverse conditions. Nanoparticles—owing to their unique physicochemical properties, high surface-to-volume ratio, and nanoscale dimensions—offer innovative solutions for improving nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency, and stress tolerance in plants. It highlights how various NPs (e.g., TiO₂, ZnO, Fe₃O₄) modulate stress-responsive pathways, including the activation of antioxidant enzymes and hormonal regulation, to mitigate oxidative damage and enhance photosynthetic efficiency. While the benefits of nanoparticle applications are promising, this article also addresses potential risks, including environmental accumulation, microbial toxicity, and genotoxicity. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for regulated, sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture and calls for further interdisciplinary research to optimise nanoparticle formulations and application strategies for climate-resilient farming.</p>

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Role of nanoparticles in improving plant sustainability under abiotic stress: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Ratul Nandi,
  • Debica Mazumder,
  • Moumita Das,
  • Priyanka Sarkar,
  • Nirjhar Dasgupta

摘要

Abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity pose significant threats to global agricultural productivity. This review examines the diverse ways in which abiotic stress factors impact plant growth and survival. Also, it explores the emerging role of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing plant resilience and sustainability under such adverse conditions. Nanoparticles—owing to their unique physicochemical properties, high surface-to-volume ratio, and nanoscale dimensions—offer innovative solutions for improving nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency, and stress tolerance in plants. It highlights how various NPs (e.g., TiO₂, ZnO, Fe₃O₄) modulate stress-responsive pathways, including the activation of antioxidant enzymes and hormonal regulation, to mitigate oxidative damage and enhance photosynthetic efficiency. While the benefits of nanoparticle applications are promising, this article also addresses potential risks, including environmental accumulation, microbial toxicity, and genotoxicity. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for regulated, sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture and calls for further interdisciplinary research to optimise nanoparticle formulations and application strategies for climate-resilient farming.