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<p>Nanoparticles (NPs, 1–100&#xa0;nm) exhibit unique properties due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, enabling applications in medicine, agriculture, and electronics. Conventional synthesis methods are often energy-intensive and toxic, whereas green synthesis using plant extracts, microbes, or marine resources like seagrass offers a sustainable alternative. Seagrasses, rich in bioactive compounds, facilitate efficient nanoparticles synthesis with enhanced biomedical potential, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects (Fig.&#xa0;1). However, nanoparticles accumulation in aquatic ecosystems raises ecological concerns, such as bioaccumulation and DNA damage in organisms, posing risks to human health via the food chain. This review discusses seagrass-mediated nanoparticles synthesis, characterization techniques (UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD), biomedical applications, and environmental impacts, advocating for further research to balance nanotechnology advancements with ecological safety. Beyond laboratory research, these nanoparticles show promise in drug delivery systems, wound healing, biosensing, and eco-friendly agriculture, while emerging directions such as AI-driven optimization and hybrid green synthesis approaches could accelerate their translation into scalable, sustainable technologies.</p>

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Green synthesis of seagrass-derived nanoparticles: biomedical applications and environmental implications on aquatic DNA integrity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Krishnamoorthy Santhosh,
  • Parameswaran Jayaashree,
  • Pavithra Thiraviyam,
  • Sivaperumal Pitchiah

摘要

Nanoparticles (NPs, 1–100 nm) exhibit unique properties due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, enabling applications in medicine, agriculture, and electronics. Conventional synthesis methods are often energy-intensive and toxic, whereas green synthesis using plant extracts, microbes, or marine resources like seagrass offers a sustainable alternative. Seagrasses, rich in bioactive compounds, facilitate efficient nanoparticles synthesis with enhanced biomedical potential, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects (Fig. 1). However, nanoparticles accumulation in aquatic ecosystems raises ecological concerns, such as bioaccumulation and DNA damage in organisms, posing risks to human health via the food chain. This review discusses seagrass-mediated nanoparticles synthesis, characterization techniques (UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD), biomedical applications, and environmental impacts, advocating for further research to balance nanotechnology advancements with ecological safety. Beyond laboratory research, these nanoparticles show promise in drug delivery systems, wound healing, biosensing, and eco-friendly agriculture, while emerging directions such as AI-driven optimization and hybrid green synthesis approaches could accelerate their translation into scalable, sustainable technologies.