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<p>Azo dyes from textile effluents persist in water and threaten ecosystems and human health. We comparatively evaluated Biebrich Scarlet (BS, Acid Red 66) adsorption onto (i) green-synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles (FeO-DR) prepared with <i>Dichondra repens</i> leaf extract and (ii) a commercial iron-oxide sample (FeO-N). FeO-NPs were characterized by AFM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and VSM. Batch adsorption was studied vs. adsorbent mass (0.01–0.10&#xa0;g per 25 mL), pH (2.2–12.2), contact time (0–90&#xa0;min), initial dye concentration (10–70&#xa0;mg L⁻¹), and temperature (288–328&#xa0;K). FeO-DR achieved near-complete removal at 0.07&#xa0;g and 60&#xa0;min under pH 2.2–7, outperforming FeO-N at all matched conditions. Equilibrium data favored the Langmuir model, with monolayer capacities QmQm​ in the ~ 13.7–16.0&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ range (FeO-DR consistently higher), while kinetics followed PSO for FeO-DR and PFO for FeO-N. Thermodynamics (ΔH°&gt;0; ΔG°&lt;0) indicated a spontaneous, endothermic physisorption process. The <i>D. repens</i> route yields stable, finely dispersed FeO with greater surface area/porosity and functionalized surfaces, enabling superior BS uptake relative to the commercial comparator.</p>

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Comparative study of the adsorption of Azo dye onto the surfaces of nano iron oxide prepared by the green method and commercial nano iron oxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Israa Noori Zamil,
  • Dunya Edan AL-Mammar

摘要

Azo dyes from textile effluents persist in water and threaten ecosystems and human health. We comparatively evaluated Biebrich Scarlet (BS, Acid Red 66) adsorption onto (i) green-synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles (FeO-DR) prepared with Dichondra repens leaf extract and (ii) a commercial iron-oxide sample (FeO-N). FeO-NPs were characterized by AFM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and VSM. Batch adsorption was studied vs. adsorbent mass (0.01–0.10 g per 25 mL), pH (2.2–12.2), contact time (0–90 min), initial dye concentration (10–70 mg L⁻¹), and temperature (288–328 K). FeO-DR achieved near-complete removal at 0.07 g and 60 min under pH 2.2–7, outperforming FeO-N at all matched conditions. Equilibrium data favored the Langmuir model, with monolayer capacities QmQm​ in the ~ 13.7–16.0 mg g⁻¹ range (FeO-DR consistently higher), while kinetics followed PSO for FeO-DR and PFO for FeO-N. Thermodynamics (ΔH°>0; ΔG°<0) indicated a spontaneous, endothermic physisorption process. The D. repens route yields stable, finely dispersed FeO with greater surface area/porosity and functionalized surfaces, enabling superior BS uptake relative to the commercial comparator.