Optimizing nanoparticles use for growth promotion in zebrafish: insights on concentration-dependent effects

Perfect nutritionally balanced diet for fish is still a prime need for fish health and development. Proper supplementation of micro nutrient in fish feed can certainly help in achieving perfection of nutrition balance. Concerned to this approach, nanotechnology can provide major help, as nanoparticles have better bioavailability and hence can act as potential micronutrient in fish diet. This major information can tremendously uplift aquaculture and ornamental fish farming practices. However, studies on exact requisite concentrations of micronutrient or nanoparticles as micronutrients in fish diet are still not so extensive. Administration of certain nanoparticles as growth promoters at requisite concentrations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been reported in this review. Ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) in formulated fish feed promotes growth in zebrafish by increasing hematologic parameters, digestive enzymes and muscle biochemical components. Zebrafishes consuming Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with basal diet have better growth and development as ZnO NPs aids in incredible feed consumption and assimilation, also, it enhances hematologic components in zebrafish. Multi supplementation of ZnO NPs and selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) in equal proportion bumps up expression of growth-related genes; furthermore, it also reduces generation of oxygen reactive species in cells of zebrafish. Therefore, ZnO NPs and Se NPs combinedly as supplementation promote growth and healthy development in zebrafish.