<p>Global population aging is causing governments to improve legal and legislative safeguards that allow older adults to live with security, autonomy and dignity. This study explores important laws and policy frameworks in two developed countries such as the USA and the UK and two developing like Malaysia and India using a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review. It focuses on three categories such as legal safeguards, income security and health and long-term care. We also examine regional reference frameworks like the European Union (EU) and ASEAN, as well as international commitments like the WHO healthy aging agenda and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA), in order to place national methods within multi-level governance. According to studies, modern countries have a tendency toward institutionalizing broad, legally enforceable benefits such as universal health coverage and multi-pillar pensions, yet they still struggle with sustainability, equality and care integration. Although developing countries have significant legislative and policy measures, their emphasis on family-based care, administrative fragmentation and financial limitations sometimes results in unequal coverage and enforcement. With a focus on Malaysia and ASEAN’s developing regional coordination, the review synthesizes implementation options for enhancing older adults’ protections, preventing abuse, neglect and expanding community-based supports, drawing on international lessons and rights-based principles.</p>