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<p>Rights of nature, born out of human rights law and climate litigation, are now recognized by nearly 40 countries in some shape or form. The emergence of these rights was only possible after the adoption of climate justice into the broader human rights lexicon. This article asks how the global human rights framework has influenced, and in turn, been influenced by, local climate justice movements. An in-depth analysis of the Indian climate justice movement’s evolution illustrates that the global to local dynamic is evident through the normalization of climate change as a human rights issue by activists, rights defenders, the judiciary, and the government. Conversely, the local to global dimension is exemplified by the process through which decentralized, grassroots, women-led, and indigenous collective climate actions, beginning in 1730, laid legal and normative precedents for the rights of nature to be codified as fundamental constitutional and human rights by 2024 under the Indian law. Ultimately, this article highlights not only the capacity of grassroots movements in postcolonial settings to cause macro-level normative and institutional transformations but also how human rights ideas and discourse have emerged as a potent tool of advocacy for such movements.</p>

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Local Actions to Global Conversations: India’s Climate Justice Movement and the Expansion of Human Rights Framework

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月19日

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  • Aditya Anand Singh

摘要

Rights of nature, born out of human rights law and climate litigation, are now recognized by nearly 40 countries in some shape or form. The emergence of these rights was only possible after the adoption of climate justice into the broader human rights lexicon. This article asks how the global human rights framework has influenced, and in turn, been influenced by, local climate justice movements. An in-depth analysis of the Indian climate justice movement’s evolution illustrates that the global to local dynamic is evident through the normalization of climate change as a human rights issue by activists, rights defenders, the judiciary, and the government. Conversely, the local to global dimension is exemplified by the process through which decentralized, grassroots, women-led, and indigenous collective climate actions, beginning in 1730, laid legal and normative precedents for the rights of nature to be codified as fundamental constitutional and human rights by 2024 under the Indian law. Ultimately, this article highlights not only the capacity of grassroots movements in postcolonial settings to cause macro-level normative and institutional transformations but also how human rights ideas and discourse have emerged as a potent tool of advocacy for such movements.