<p>In Morocco, agriculture plays a strategic role not only in the national economy but also in social stability—an importance reaffirmed during the 2007–2008 food crisis. In response to concerns over food security, drought, and social tensions, as well as with the aim of enhancing the international competitiveness of Moroccan agriculture, the government launched the Green Morocco Plan (GMP) in 2008. This policy aligns with the principles of the New Green Revolution for Africa, seeking to transform agriculture into a profitable and competitive sector. However, the GMP’s neoliberal orientation—centred on high-yield export crops and private-sector engagement—has exacerbated socio-economic and environmental inequalities. Drawing on perspectives from political ecology and critical development studies, this article examines how the modernisation of Morocco’s agricultural sector has led to the commodification and centralisation of natural resources, particularly water and farmland, at the expense of traditional systems of community-based management. We argue that the ecological disembedding of agriculture—marked by a departure from practices such as crop rotation and traditional systems like the multi-layered oasis agroforestry model that optimises scarce resources such as water—has deepened socio-economic disparities and accelerated resource degradation. Based on field observations, documentary analysis, and interviews with farmers and policymakers, this study traces the historical and ideological roots of Moroccan agricultural policies from the French Protectorate to the present. Our findings underscore the need to reassess traditional agricultural practices as a pathway towards more equitable and sustainable development, highlighting the relevance of local ecological knowledge in the context of neoliberal reforms.</p>