Family farming faced with new dominant models of irrigation development: patronalization and growing inequalities in the Senegal River Delta
摘要
The development of irrigation is seen as one of the keys to achieving the goal of feeding 10 billion people by 2050, in a context of uncertainty and global changes. The increase in irrigated areas in the South since the 2000s is partly a response to a new paradigm, centered on "public–private partnerships", which are supposed to enable investments to be shared by involving new "solvent" private actors. In the Sahelian countries, this model is expected to go beyond interventions that relied entirely on public support and were aimed at family farmers. In this respect, the new distribution of resources – land and water – resulting from this evolution raises questions about the future of agriculture and family farms. This article looks at the problematic effects of these new models in the Senegal River Delta, using the example of the Delta Rice Partnership Promotion Project (in French, 3PRD). Drawing on Comparative Agriculture tools, it highlights the deeply differentiated nature of the agriculture in which this project intervenes, as well as the project's selection criteria, which are not very inclusive of family farms. It examines the transformations that the project has brought about in selected and non-selected farms, particularly in terms of value added, income and labor mobilization. Finally, it questions the coherence of supposedly support mechanisms for family farming by underlining the gaps between the abstract categories used to represent this type of agriculture and the reality on the ground.