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<p>The development of 2D materials with multifunctional capabilities in 2004 gravitated toward electrochemical storage applications because of their major contributions, such as high aspect ratio, flexible dimensionality, and distinct physicochemical properties. Among this category, a group of materials called MXenes (M<sub>n</sub><sub>+1</sub>X<sub>n</sub>T<sub>x</sub>, where M = transition metal, X = carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, and T = surface termination groups) has predominantly attracted attention in charge storage devices due to their versatile synthesis process, wide variety of members, tunable surface functional groups, and adjustable interlayer spacing. The main focus was to synthesize titanium-based Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> from its MAX phase and then introduce a simple, scalable, low-temperature-assisted vapor-phase reaction method to incorporate selenium, a non-metal, and test the material as an anode for two alkali-ion batteries. To confirm the presence of selenium, various characterization techniques, including EDS and TEM-assisted elemental mapping, were employed. Through this straightforward technique, titanium carbide MXene with selenium electrodes enhances electrochemical performance and chemical stability in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries via surface functionalization. A minor concentration of selenium significantly improves the material’s capacity; for instance, the pristine electrode showed a capacity of 93.8 mAh/g at 500&#xa0;mA/g, while the selenized electrode exhibited 166 mAh/g at the same rate without compromising stability for LIBs. Furthermore, the study investigated the material’s charge storage mechanism using the contribution analysis method and confirmed that certain surface modifications can improve the material’s capability and expand its potential as an anode for alkali-ion batteries.</p>

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Surface engineered titanium carbide MXene as anode for Li/Na-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Anjali V. Nair,
  • Shantikumar Nair,
  • Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan

摘要

The development of 2D materials with multifunctional capabilities in 2004 gravitated toward electrochemical storage applications because of their major contributions, such as high aspect ratio, flexible dimensionality, and distinct physicochemical properties. Among this category, a group of materials called MXenes (Mn+1XnTx, where M = transition metal, X = carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, and T = surface termination groups) has predominantly attracted attention in charge storage devices due to their versatile synthesis process, wide variety of members, tunable surface functional groups, and adjustable interlayer spacing. The main focus was to synthesize titanium-based Ti3C2Tx from its MAX phase and then introduce a simple, scalable, low-temperature-assisted vapor-phase reaction method to incorporate selenium, a non-metal, and test the material as an anode for two alkali-ion batteries. To confirm the presence of selenium, various characterization techniques, including EDS and TEM-assisted elemental mapping, were employed. Through this straightforward technique, titanium carbide MXene with selenium electrodes enhances electrochemical performance and chemical stability in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries via surface functionalization. A minor concentration of selenium significantly improves the material’s capacity; for instance, the pristine electrode showed a capacity of 93.8 mAh/g at 500 mA/g, while the selenized electrode exhibited 166 mAh/g at the same rate without compromising stability for LIBs. Furthermore, the study investigated the material’s charge storage mechanism using the contribution analysis method and confirmed that certain surface modifications can improve the material’s capability and expand its potential as an anode for alkali-ion batteries.