<p>Addressing the imperative challenges in contemporary energy storage, this study centers on lithium–sulfur batteries and their performance. Our primary aim is to examine the potential of graphene and its variants in ameliorating the identified issues associated with Li–S batteries. By exploring graphene's exceptional conductivity, mechanical strength, and elasticity, its capacity for efficient polysulfide encapsulation, fast ions and transport of electrons, and the porous electrodes have been developed. Its scope includes a thorough examination of graphene compatibility with various engineering materials, thereby presenting the application potential of Li–S battery systems. The synthesized findings collectively highlight the promising trajectory of graphene-based composites as pivotal components for forming high-performance, cost-effective Li–S batteries specifically tailored for the evolving landscape of electric vehicles. Finally, this exploration underscores the transformative potential of graphene in addressing the challenges posed by Li–S batteries, clearing the path for effective and sustainable energy storage technologies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>